BMS 108 Ch. 15 Immune System Flashcards
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What are stationary WBCs called and where are they located?
lymphatic cells; spleen and lymph nodes
What are leukocytes and where are they located in the body?
White Blood Cells (WBCs); in blood, CT and lymph
What are the four common pathogens?
- Viruses
- Bacteria
- Parasites
- Allergens
What are viruses?
DNA or RNA with a protein coat
What is bacteria?
Prokaryotic cells with a cell wall
What are parasites?
An organism that lives on or in a host and gets its food from or at the expense of its host (mites, worms)
What is an allergen?
A substance that is generally not pathogenic but triggers an immune response.
How do we keep pathogens from getting (too deep) into our body?
- Skin, stomach acid, cilia in respiratory tract, local antibacterial enzymes in mouth, vagina and semen.
- Also have high number of immune cells in all mucous membrane that interface with the external world
Both are nonspecific/innate immune response.
What happens once a pathogen gets in?
1 is nonspecific; #2 has both nonspecific and specific components.
- Have local inflammation in attempt to prevent further/deeper invasion
- Orchestrate a body wide immune response.
What is an antigen?
- marker on the surface of a pathogen
- a protein or polysaccharide, or a mixture of both
What is an antibody?
- Ag binding protein
- aka immunoglobin (5 classes: IgG, IgE, A, D, and M
- looks like a Y shape
What is a complement system?
- Series of plasma proteins that can be assembled into a membrane/cell wall of a pathogen or infected cell
- Creates a hole in the cell and leads to lysis
- part of nonspecific immune response, but often turned on by specific immunity
What are phagocytic cells?
-neutrophils and macrophages
What are cytokines?
- collective term for all chemicals secreted by WBCs
- Spurs other immune cells to action by signaling the alarm
- Acts locally (autocrine & paracrine)
Name are four specific cytokines?
- Nitric Oxide
- Interleukins
- Tumor Necrotic Factor (TNF)
- Interferon