BMS 127 Ch. 14 Infection, Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology

Question 0

What is an axenic environment?

Answer 0

One that contains only one species

Question 1

In which type of symbiosis do both members benefit from their interaction?

Answer 1

mutualism

Question 2

Which of the following is FALSE concerning microbial contaminants?

a. Contaminants may become opportunistic pathogens.
b. Most microbial contaminants will eventually cause harm.
c. Contaminants may be a part of the transient microbiota.
d. Contaminants may be introduced by mosquito bite.

Answer 2

b. Most microbial contaminants will eventually cause harm.

Question 3

What is the most frequent portal of entry for a pathogen?

Answer 3

the respiratory tract

Question 4

What is the process by which microorganisms attach themselves to cells called?

Answer 4

adhesion

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in infectious diseases?

a. incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence
b. incubation, decline, prodromal period, illness, convalescence
c. prodromal period, incubation, illness, decline, convalescence
d. convalescence, prodromal period, incubation, illness, decline

Answer 5

a. incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

Question 6

Which of the following are most likely to cause disease?

a. opportunistic pathogens in a weakened host
b. pathogens lacking the enzyme kinase
c. pathogens lacking the enzyme collagenase
d. highly virulent organisms

Answer 6

d. highly virulent organisms

Question 7

The nature of bacterial capsules

a. causes widespread blood clotting
b. allows phagocytes to readily engulf these bacteria
c. affects the virulence of the these bacteria
d. has no effect on the virulence of bacteria

Answer 7

c. affects the virulence of the these bacteria

Question 8

What happens when a pathogenic bacterial cell loses the ability to make adhesins?

Answer 8

They typically become avirulent

Question 9

A disease in which a pathogen remains inactive for a long period of time before becoming active is termed a(n) ___________.

Answer 9

latent disease

Question 10

What is a pandemic?

Answer 10

It is an epidemic that occurs in more than one continent simultaneously.

Question 11

Which type of epidemiologist is most like a detective?

Answer 11

an analytical epidemiologist

Question 12

Consider the following case. An animal was infected with a virus. A mosquito bit the animal, was contaminated with the virus, and proceeded to bite and infect a person. Which was the vector?

a. animal
b. virus
c. mosquito
d. person

Answer 12

c. mosquito

Question 13

a patient contracted athlete’s foot after long-term use of a medication. His physician explained that the malady was directly related to his medication. Such infections are termed

a. nosocomial infections
b. exogenous infections
c. iatrogenic infections
d. endogenous infections

Answer 13

d. endogenous infections

Question 14

Which of the following statements best describes a contagious disease?

a. a disease arising from fomites
b. a disease that is easily passed from host to host in aerosols
c. a disease that arises from opportunistic, normal microbiota
d. both a and b

Answer 14

b. a disease that is easily passed from host to host in aerosols

Question 15

A microbe that causes disease is called a __________.

Answer 15

pathogen

Question 16

Infections that may go unnoticed due to absence of symptoms are called ___________ infections.

Answer 16

asymptomatic

Question 17

The study of the cause of a disease is ________.

Answer 17

etiology

Question 18

The study of where and when diseases occur and how they are transmitted within populations is ____________.

Answer 18

epidemiology

Question 19

Diseases that are naturally spread from their usual animal hosts to humans are called ___________.

Answer 19

zooneses

Question 20

Nonliving reservoirs of disease, such as a toothbrush, drinking glass and needle are called _________.

Answer 20

fomites

Question 21

_____________ infections are those acquired by patients or staff while in health care facilities.

Answer 21

Nosocomial

Question 22

The total number of cases of a disease in a given area is its _____________.

Answer 22

prevalence

Question 23

An animal that carries a pathogen and also serves as host for the pathogen is a _________ vector.

Answer 23

biological

Question 24

Endotoxin is the part of the cell wall known as ________ in a Gram-negative bacterium.

Answer 24

Lipid A