BMS10-1019 Blood & Lymph Vessels

Question 1

Describe systemic circulation

Answer 1

Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to tissues and then returns the deoxygenated blood

Question 2

Describe pulmonary circulation

Answer 2

Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and returns the oxygenated blood

Question 3

What is portal circulation?

Answer 3

Moving substances independent from a central pump

Question 4

Give an example of an organs that uses portal circulation

Answer 4

The liver

Question 5

What does the lymphatic system do?

Answer 5

Drains extracellular fluid from tissue back into circulation

Question 6

Describe the order of the blood vessels

Answer 6

Elastic arteries
Muscular arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Post capillaries 
Collecting venules
Muscular venules
Muscular veins

Question 7

Which tunica has innervations?

Answer 7

Adventitia

Question 8

What is the outer most part of the tunica intima?

Answer 8

Internal elastic lamina

Question 9

What type of cells make up the intima?

Answer 9

Squamous endothelial cells

Question 10

What supports the endothelial cells of the intima?

Answer 10

Connective tissue

Question 11

What might be present in the media?

Answer 11

External elastic lamina

Question 12

What cells make up the media?

Answer 12

Smooth muscle
Collagen
Elastin

Question 13

What is the vasa vasorum?

Answer 13

Blood vessels that supply the walls of large blood vessels

Question 14

What kind of tissue makes up the adventitia?

Answer 14

Dense fibroelastic connective tissue

Question 15

Where are the elastic arteries mainly found?

Answer 15

Vessels nearest to the heart

Question 16

What’s the purpose of elastic recoil?

Answer 16

Maintain blood flow during diastole

Question 17

What type of connective tissue is found in the intima of elastic arteries?

Answer 17

Subendothelial collagenous connective tissue

Question 18

What cells do elastic arteries contain?

Answer 18

Fibroblasts

Smooth muscle

Question 19

How is elastin organised in the media of elastic arteries and what separates them?

Answer 19

Concentric sheets

Collagen and smooth muscle

Question 20

What type of elastin is found in the media of elastic arteries?

Answer 20

Fenestrated

Question 21

What tissue is in the adventitia of elastic arteries?

Answer 21

Collagenous connective tissue

Question 22

What type of nerves are in the adventitia of EA?

Answer 22

Autonomic

Question 23

Is the intima of muscular arteries thin or thick?

Answer 23

Thin

Question 24

What cell makes up the media of MA?

Answer 24

Circumferential smooth muscle cells

Question 25

What cell makes up the internal and external elastic lamina in MA?

Answer 25

Elastin

Question 26

In the media of MA what is the function of the smooth muscle?

Answer 26

Withstand pressure | Vary lumen diameter

Question 27

What causes vasoconstriction?

Answer 27

Sympathetic Adrenaline Response to vessel injury

Question 28

What is pressure in the vessels proportional to?

Answer 28

Wall thickness divided by diameter

Question 29

How many layers of smooth muscle are in the media or arterioles?

Answer 29

Less than 6

Question 30

Which part of tunica is insignificant in arterioles?

Answer 30

Adventitia

Question 31

What is resistance to blood flow and what is the equation?

Answer 31

Blood pressure | Rf is inversely proportional to r4 (radius)

Question 32

What happens if you halve the diameter?

Answer 32

Resistance is increased by 16 times

Question 33

What's the main regulator of systemic BP?

Answer 33

Flow through arterioles

Question 34

What do capillaries drain into?

Answer 34

Post capillary venules, collecting venules and muscular venules

Question 35

What controls blood flow into capillary beds?

Answer 35

``` Arterioles diameter Precapillary sphincters (smooth muscle) ```

Question 36

What are true capillaries formed of?

Answer 36

Single layer of endothelial cells

Question 37

What is the role of metarterioles?

Answer 37

Link capillaries and arterioles

Question 38

What cell makes up metarterioles?

Answer 38

Smooth muscle cells

Question 39

What connects the arterial ad venous systems?

Answer 39

Arteriovenous shunts

Question 40

What are capillaries with large diameters called?

Answer 40

Sinusoids

Question 41

Where are sinusoids found?

Answer 41

Liver, spleen, bone marrow and some endocrine glands

Question 42

What type of endothelium forms the capillaries?

Answer 42

Fenestrated, continuous or discontinuous

Question 43

Describe the tunica of continuous capillaries?

Answer 43

Doesn't have one

Question 44

What cells makes continuous capillaries?

Answer 44

Endothelial linked by tight junctions and hugged by pericytes on a basal lamina

Question 45

When can continuous capillaries not be relaxed?

Answer 45

In the brain and liver

Question 46

What forms tight junctions?

Answer 46

Membrane proteins

Question 47

What is the role of pericytes?

Answer 47

Stabalisation and survival of endothelial cells

Question 48

Who decides what gets in and out of capillaries?

Answer 48

Normally the endothelial cells but sometimes its the tight junctions between them e.g. in the blood brain barrier

Question 49

What process allows large molecules across endothelial cells?

Answer 49

Transcytosis

Question 50

Describe transcytosis

Answer 50

Caveolae pits bud off vesicles which cross the cell and fuse with caveolae on the other side of the endothelial cell

Question 51

Which protein coats caveolae?

Answer 51

Caveolin

Question 52

Why would fenestrated capillaries be used?

Answer 52

To allow quick movement

Question 53

Which organs need quick movement from their capillaries?

Answer 53

Kidney Small intestine Endocrine glands

Question 54

What forms the fenestrations?

Answer 54

Luminal and basal membranes joining

Question 55

How can fenestrations be closed?

Answer 55

Diaphragm (sheet of material) across the gap

Question 56

What cells do fenestrated capillaries lack?

Answer 56

Periytes

Question 57

Where is discontinuous endothelium found?

Answer 57

Sinusoids of the liver and spleen

Question 58

How does the basal lamina differ in discontinuous and fenestrated capillaries and why?

Answer 58

In discontinuous the basal lamina is discontinuous as there is no endothelial cell above it to form this

Question 59

Can RBC pass through discontinuous capillaries?

Answer 59

Yes

Question 60

What forms the post capillary venule?

Answer 60

Several capillaries

Question 61

What mainly enters and exits the capillary venules?

Answer 61

WBC

Question 62

What may capillary venules have a layer of?

Answer 62

Smooth muscle

Question 63

What forms collecting venules?

Answer 63

Postcapillary venules

Question 64

What drains into muscular venules?

Answer 64

Collecting venules

Question 65

How many layers of smooth muscle so muscular venules have?

Answer 65

1-2

Question 66

What forms veins?

Answer 66

Muscular venules

Question 67

When does the tunica become visible again?

Answer 67

Veins

Question 68

What is in the intima of veins?

Answer 68

Endothelium

Question 69

What is the media of veins?

Answer 69

Smooth muscle

Question 70

How do the lungs assist the veins?

Answer 70

Negative pressure in the chest during inhalation

Question 71

What forms valves?

Answer 71

Semi lunar projections of fibroelastic tissue from the intima

Question 72

Which veins don't have valves?

Answer 72

If its less then 2mm

Question 73

Whats the role of endothelial cells? (7)

Answer 73

``` Permeability barrier Make basal lamina Blood clotting factors Factors that stop inappropriate blood clotting Vasodilation Inflammatory response Growth factors ```

Question 74

When are lymphatic vessels not found?

Answer 74

In the CNS, bone, cartilage, tooth, bone marrow, placenta and cornea

Question 75

What cause the capillaries to leak?

Answer 75

Hydrostatic pressure at the arterial end

Question 76

Describe the appearance of lymphatic vessels

Answer 76

Flattened endothelial cells, small basal lamina and no pericytes

Question 77

What is angiogenesis?

Answer 77

Formation of new blood vessels from old capillaries

Question 78

When does angiogenesis occur? (4)

Answer 78

Inflammation Wound healing Period Placental growth

Question 79

How is angio linked to cancer?

Answer 79

Tumor cells need to do this in order to grow larger than the size of a peea