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ABPN > board prep 1 > Flashcards

board prep 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Williams

A

Elfin
Elastin
Deletion on 7 @ q11.23

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2
Q

superglue. What’s in the urine?

A

Hippuric acid

metabolized from toluene

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3
Q

viral meningitis findings

A

elevated protein levels (usually not over 150 mg/dL), clear color, opening pressure that is normal or elevated, glucose levels that are normal or slightly low, and WBC counts elevated to between 10-250/mm3 with majority being lymphocytes.

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4
Q

brain in gambling disorder

A

The ventral striatum and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, including the medial portion of the orbitofrontal cortex is implicated in stimulating urges in patients with pathological gambling.

The ventromedial prefrontal cortex is involved in reward processing and impulse control, while ventral striatum is involved in dopaminergic innervation.

The angular cingulate cortex is implicated in cognitive control in patients with pathological gambling.

The hippocampus is related to behavioral inhibition in patients with pathological gambling disorder. Hippocampal volumes are often decreased in such patients, which is likely related to an inability to control ones behavior.

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation is implicated in patients with pathological gambling exposed to gambling cues.

Alteration in the amygdala of patients with pathological gambling disorder is associated with risky decision-making.

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5
Q

med to manage MAO hypertensive crisis

A

nicardipine

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6
Q

med to manage thyroid storm

A

propranolol

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7
Q

med to manage adrenal crisis

A

betamethasone

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8
Q

MOA of Valproate

A

increases synaptic levels of GABA by blocking GABA transaminase. T

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9
Q

MOA of Carbamazepine, phenytoin and lamotrigine

A

block voltage-gated sodium channels

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10
Q

MOA of lithium

A

inhibits inositol monophosphatase

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11
Q

med that increases concentration of VPA

A

acetylsalicilic acid (aspirin)

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12
Q

Essential amino acids

A

histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine

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13
Q

tricyclics AE

A

constipation

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14
Q

LSD receptor

A

5-hydroxytryptamine is also known as 5-HT and serotonin. LSD is a drug of abuse with powerful serotonergic agonist effects.

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15
Q

brain changes seen in bipolar

A

Increased volume of the ventral striatum

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16
Q

brain region - auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia

A

Arcuate fasciculus - forms part of an association tract that connects Broca’s area located in the frontal region of left cerebral hemisphere and Wernicke’s areas located in the temporal region of the left cerebral hemisphere.

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17
Q

mammillary bodies

A

a part of the diencephalon and is associated with the limbic system. Mammillary bodies are involved in the formation of new memories and are typically damaged in chronic alcoholics due to thiamine deficiency associated with Korsakoff syndrome.

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18
Q

angular gyrus

A

located in the posterior part of the inferior parietal lobe and is associated with verbal working memory, particularly during the retrieval of verbal material.

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19
Q

boahypothalamus

A

particularly important for maintaining homeostasis using the autonomic and endocrine systems

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20
Q

globus pallidus

A

part of the basal ganglia and is associated with the regulation of voluntary movements at the subconscious level.

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21
Q

operant conditioning

A

involves reward and punishment to enforce a certain type of behavior,

also called instrumental learning

22
Q

classical conditioning

A

unconditioned response (life-threatening event) is coupled with a conditioned response (driving, and the area of the accident.) Despite the conditioned response not directly being dangerous, since it is paired with a scary unconditioned response, the mind does not differentiate between the two and now will avoid the conditioned response as much as the unconditioned response. It is also known as respondent or Pavlovian conditioning. It is a sort of learning process which pairs stimuli.

23
Q

Rett Syndrome

A

seen only in females (males die)
MeCP2 mutation

24
Q

most common genetic causes of autism

A

Fragile X
Tuberous sclerosis
Rett syndrome

25
Q

Tuberous sclerosis

A

seizures
ID
hamartomas (hypomelanotic spots, ash leaf e.g.)

genetic autosomal dominant

26
Q

test for Fragile X syndrome

A

FMR-1 DNA test

27
Q

meds for tics in ASD

A

guanfacine, clonidine

28
Q

luvox metabolism

A

P450 1A2 (as well as 2D6) and the serum level would rise with the addition of an inhibitor of this enzyme such as ciprofloxacin.

29
Q

which assessment tool for HIV dementia?

A

Which of the following assessment tools has the best sensitivity in detecting mild neurocognitive disorder due to HIV/AIDS?

30
Q

Which structure divides the hindbrain into the myelencephalon and metencephalon?

A

pontine flexure

31
Q

drug contraindicated in severe renal disease

A

acamprosate

32
Q

dementia characterized by fluctuations in mental status, prominent visual hallucinations, and extrapyramidal motor symptoms– such as rigidity, bradykinesia, and, less often, a resting tremor.

A

lewy bodies

33
Q

Behavioral changes and language impairments are more prominent symptoms associated with what dementia

A

FTD

34
Q

other specified

A

patient’s symptoms do not fully meet the criteria of any disorders

35
Q

Cognitive Processing Therapy

A

targets change in maladaptive thought patterns and perceptions regarding the trauma to reduce feelings of guilt, shame, and remorse. It has been indicated as first-line psychotherapy for PTSD and is proven to be as efficacious as other first-line therapies.

36
Q

reinforcement

A

Positive reinforcement adds a positive stimulus to sustain/increase behavior, while negative reinforcement removes an unpleasant/aversive stimulus to sustain/increase behavior.

37
Q

alpha 2 adrenergic receptor blocker indicated in major depressive disorder

A

mirtazapine

38
Q

comorbid with tourettes

A

OCD

39
Q

pathophysiology of tourettes

A

a circuit that starts and ends at cortico

40
Q

atomoxetine MOA

A

SNRI

41
Q

viloxazine

A

Qelbree
SN modulating agent

42
Q

treatment for caffeine intoxication

A

Hemofiltration and hemodialysis

43
Q

firstline meds for fibromyalgia

A

SNRIs (milnacipran and duloxetine) and pregabalin.

44
Q

age kids can sit up

A

6 months

45
Q

hyperventilation syndrome

A

caused by excessive breathing beyond the metabolic requirement. It is characterized by palpitations, arrhythmias, chest pain, paraesthesia to extremities or face, tetany, carpopedal spasm, fear of dying, hallucinations, fatigue, excessive sweating, and dry mouth. It can be caused due to prolonged anxiety, or it can be caused by organic causes like kidney failure.

46
Q

brain areas impacted by HIV

A

basal ganglia and hippocampus
(sub-cortical dementia)

47
Q

GAD requires how long?

A

6 months

48
Q

areas of the brain and memory

A

hippocampal damage –> anterograde amnesea
thalamic damage –> retrograde amensia

49
Q

Lithium and Haldol combo AE

A

encephalopathic syndrome

50
Q

hoarding brain region

A

Anterior cingulate cortex

ABPN (6 decks)

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