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Wolfpacc Other > Board Prep GI > Flashcards

Board Prep GI Flashcards

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1
Q

How can pancreatic insufficiency occur with CF? What are the affected enzymes?

A

Decreased Bicarb

Pancreatic lipase, colipase, phopholipases

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2
Q

How will autoimmune hepatitis present?

A

Hepatitis symptoms with normal bile ducts & autoimmune disease
Increased anti-smooth muscle antibodies

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3
Q

PSC

A

Men in their 40s, strong UC association

on ERCP “Beading” of bile ducts

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4
Q

PBC

A

middle aged women with antimitochondrial antibodies

granulomas destroy bile ducts in portal triads, CREST, RA, celiac

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5
Q

Secondary biliary cirrhosis

A

caused by obstruction of bile duct outside of liver

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6
Q

Indirect hernia

A

protrudes through the deep inguinal ring lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

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7
Q

long term anabolic steroid use

A

can lead to gynecomastia
decreased testicular size
liver damage

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8
Q

Whipples disease

A

characterized by arthritis, arthralgias, weight loss & diarrhea

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9
Q

Salmonella typhi

A

lactose negative bacteria
HS produced in culture
elicits a host immune response upregulating cAMP directly

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10
Q

Shigella dysenteriae

A

virulent lactose negative rod that invades the colon & produces protein synthesis inhibiting toxin
No HS

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11
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

A

causes pinworms

dioccious nematodes

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12
Q

Auerbach’s plexus

A

in muscularis externa

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13
Q

Meckels rule of 2s

A

2:1 male, 2 feet ilioceal

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14
Q

NPV

A

indicates how likely a pt. will come back healthy after a negative test

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15
Q

Portal HTN

A

Varices= left gastric & azygos

caput medusa = paraumbilical & inferior epigastric

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16
Q

ODDs ratio

A

(A/C)/(B/D)

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17
Q

Strongyloidiasis

A

nematode

bare feet

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18
Q

Acute mesenteric ischemia

A

causes abd pain out of proportion with exam

vaso occlusion

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19
Q

choledochal cyst

A

congenital dilation of common bile duct
segmental or cylindrical dilation of common bile duct
diverticuli of extrahepatic duct and/or cystic lesions into duodenal lumen

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20
Q

Degree surfaces involved:

1) Mucosal
2) Mucosal & submucosal
3) Transmural

A

Findings:

1) focal or diffuse erythema, edema, hemorrhage, no scar
2) ulceration, vescicles, exudates, scar with possible stricture
3) Deep ulcer, black discoloration, perferation

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21
Q

Campylobacter infections

A

common cause of inflammatory gastroenteritis and can be acquired from domestic animals
associated with Guillain-Barre

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22
Q

Systemic Mastocytosis

A

characterized by abnormal proliferation of mast cells & increased histamine release
Histamine causes hypersecretion of gastric acid by parietal cells

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23
Q

Dorsal pancreatic bud

Study These Flashcards
A

forms majority of pancreatic tissue

24
Q

ventral pancreatic bud

Study These Flashcards
A

uncinate process & major pancreatic duct

25
Regulation of Ras-MAPK
requires balance between GTP & GDP
26
Amatoxins (deathcap)
potent inhibitors of RNA polymerase II (halting mRNA)
27
Acute hep B
can cause serum sickness-like syndrome
28
Ribivirin
MOA is multifactorial & includes: inducing lethal hypermutation inhibiting RNA polymerase & inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (deplete GTP) causing defective 5' cap formation on viral RNA transcripts, and modulating a more effective immune response
29
Hirschprungs disease
is a result of abnormal migration of neural crest cells during embryogenesis, rectum is always affected
30
Short gastric veins
drain blood from fundus into splenic vein | pancreatic inflammation can cause blood clot in splenic vein causing varices in only the fundus
31
lymphatic drainage of the rectum
proximal to dentate line --> inferior mesenteric and internal iliac distal--> inguinal nodes
32
sigmoid colon vasculature
femerol--> external iliac --> common iliac--> aorta--> inferior mesenteric
33
acute acholecystitis
most often caused by gallstones
34
parietal cells are primarily found
in the superficial region of the gastric glands
35
what colors with PAS in T. whippeli
the glycoprotein in the cell walls | it is disease resistant
36
Bioavailability
(AUCoral*dose IV)/(AUCiv * dose oral)
37
What immuno factors in crohns?
TH-1, IL-2, INF-y, TNF
38
IL-10
important for inhibiting Th1
39
CMV esophagitis
occurs in transplant patients, typically presents with odynophagia or dysphagia that can be accompanied by fever or burning chest pain enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions
40
Achalasia
Chagas disease is complicated by myocarditis, DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY, megaesophagus, megacolon, and arrhythmia Romana's sign (edema of face and eyelid) hepatosplenomegaly
41
Patient has not had stool in the first few days after birth.
Meconium Ileus -> can be associated with CF CF can affect the pancrease Pancreatic insufficiency (treat with oral enzyme supplementation)
42
Spinal levels of branches off aorta
``` T12 = Celiac trunk L1 = Superior mesenteric, left renal L2 = Testicular/ovarian artery L3 = inferior mesenteric L4 = Bifurcation of aorta ```
43
Glucagonomas
Cause necrolytic migratory erythema (affects groin, and other mucous membranes leading to glossitis, angular cheilitis, and stomatitis)
44
H. Pylori increases risk of what cancer?
MALToma Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma t(11;18)
45
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor
painless bleeding histo used to distinguish from adenocarcinoma stains positive for c-kit (which encodes a tyrosine kinase that is involved in cellular proliferation and differentiation)
46
Damage to the vagus nerve
Can be caused from Nissan Fundoplication, Billroth II gastrectomy, heart transplant, and lung transplant cause symptoms of delayed gastric empyting: N/V, bloating, weight-loss
47
Angiodysplasia
discolored lesion that has vessel walls that are thin and without smooth muscle
48
Scleroderma
Absent peristalsis in the lower 2/3 of the esophagus | CREST syndrome associated
49
MEN I
caused by mutation in s Tumor Suppressor Gene MEN 1, which codes for menin
50
Treated Celiac disease has increased incidence of
GI malignancies, particularly lymphoma
51
D-xylose test
used to differentiate abnormalities in the mucosal absorption and enzymatic break down in patients with malabsorption
52
Focal nodular hyperplasia
benign liver condition with a well-defined lesion with a central stellate scar
53
Cirrhosis and estrogen
Stigmata of cirrhosis includes spider angiomas and gynecomastia, both of which are caused by increasing estrogen levels
54
Metabolic abnormality with pyloric stenosis
Hypochloremia, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
55
Calot's Triangle
inferior edge of the liver, cystic duct and common hepatic duct the cystic artery is found inside
56
Angiosarcoma of the liver
highly lethal malignancy associated with prolonged exposure to vinyl chloride insidious onset
57
6-MP metabolism
metabolism afected by allopurinol

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