Boards

Question 1

What is the most common congenital disorder in newborns?

Answer 1

Congenital heart disease (CHD)

Question 2

What is the most common defect with CHD?

Answer 2

VSD

Question 3

When CHD most likely associated with abnormal chromosomes what are the common defects?

Answer 3

AVSD, VSD,TOF

Question 4

When CHD is least likely associated with abnormal chromosomes what are the common defects?

Answer 4

Heterotaxy, D-TGA

Question 5

When CHD is most likely associated with non-cardiac anomalies what are the common defects?

Answer 5

TOF, Coarctation, PS

Question 6

What is another name for 22q11 deletion?

Answer 6

DiGeorge Syndrome

Question 7

What type of CHD is associated with DiGeorge Syndrome?

Answer 7

Conotruncal defects, VSD

95% risk factor

Question 8

What CHD is associated with Noonan Syndrome?

Answer 8

Pulmonary Stenosis

65% risk factor

Question 9

What is another name for 7q11.23 deletion?

Answer 9

Williams Syndrome

Question 10

What types of CHD are associated with Williams Syndrome?

Answer 10

Aortic stenosis, Pulmonary stenosis, VSD

100% risk factor

Question 11

What is another name for Trisomy 18?

Answer 11

Patau Syndrome

Question 12

What type of CHD are associated with Patau Syndrome?

Answer 12

VSD and ASD

90% risk factor

Question 13

What is the most common CHD associated with Downs syndrome?

Answer 13

AVSD

50% risk factor

Question 14

What are some common teratogens associated with CHD.

Answer 14

Alcohol, Indomethacin, Lithium

Question 15

What is the most common defects associated with Lithium?

Answer 15

Ebstein Anomaly, Tricuspid Atresia, ASD, and Mitral Atresia

Question 16

What is the most common defect associated with Indomethacin?

Answer 16

Premature ductus arteriosus closure

Question 17

What is organogenesis?

Answer 17

The period where all major organ systems form between the 3rd and 8th week of development

Question 18

When does the heart start to beat?

Answer 18

approximately day 28 or between day 16-28

Question 19

What aortic arches form the main aortic arch?

Answer 19

the four pair of arteries

Question 20

What vein becomes the SVC?

Answer 20

The right cardinal vein

Question 21

If the right umbilical vein does not disappear what will occur?

Answer 21

gastroschisis

Question 22

What vein becomes the umbilical vein?

Answer 22

left umbilical vein

Question 23

What vein becomes the IVC?

Answer 23

right vitelline vein

Question 24

What are the 6 pathogenetic classification of congenital heart disease?

Answer 24

Tissue migration abnormalities
Abnormal Intracardiac blood flow
Cell death abnormalities
Extracelluar matrix abnormalities
Abnormal targeted growth
Abnormal situs and looping defects

Question 25

What are some tissue migration abnormalities defects?

Answer 25

``` Sub- arterial VSD Double-outlet right ventricle Tetralogy of fallot Persistent truncus arteriosus Complete transposition of the great arteries ```

Question 26

Abnormal intracardiac blood flow

Answer 26

they may be progressive so therefore are not apparent until later in gestation. The smallest change in caliber can influence blood flow. Altered resistance in the placenta can affect blood flow

Question 27

What type od defects are associated with Abnormal intracardiac blood flow?

Answer 27

Atresia, stenosis, hypoplastic , and valve defects

Question 28

What is apoptosis?

Answer 28

abnormal cell death

Question 29

The ventricular septum and heart walls(myocardium) are formed by what?

Answer 29

compaction of cells

Question 30

What are some common defects associated with cell death abnormalities?

Answer 30

Muscular VSD and Ebstein anomaly