Boards Exam Deck #4

Question 1

Mucoid sputum

Answer 1

• clear, thick sputum

- indicative of cystic fibrosis or conditions with a chronic cough

Question 2

frothy sputum

Answer 2

-usually means there is pulmonary edema

Question 3

hemoptysis

Answer 3

-blood in sputum

Question 4

anticoagulants

Answer 4

• coumadin & heparin
• increase blood-clotting time
• could result in hemoptysis during percussion & shaking
• administered to patients with DVT

Question 5

bronchodilators

Answer 5

• Ex: epinephrine, Alupent, ventolin, proventil
• relax smooth muscle & open airway lumen to assist in breathing
• often used prior to exercise or athletics to reduce negative effects of disease processes

Question 6

corticosteroids

Answer 6

• Ex: prednisone, cortisol
• decrease inflammation associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
• side effects such as osteoporosis, muscle wasting, & slow wound healing are problematic

Question 7

tibial motions necessary for knee flexion

Answer 7

-posterior glide & internal rotation

Question 8

tibial motions necessary for knee extension

Answer 8

-anterior glide and external rotation

Question 9

Phalen’s test

Answer 9

• bilateral wrist flexion against each other for 60 seconds

- N/T or pain may indicate carpal tunnel

Question 10

Allen’s test

Answer 10

• used to determine appropriate blood flow of radial and ulnar arteries into the hand
• pressure applied over the radial and ulnar arteries & then analysis of blood filling in the hand demonstrates positive or negative test

Question 11

Finkelstein’s test

Answer 11

• de Quervain’s tenosynovitis

- special test of the sheath that surrounds the tendons of the thumb

Question 12

Which ligament does the talar tilt test for?

Answer 12

-calcaneofibular ligament

Question 13

Anterior drawer test is indicated for damage to which ligament?

Answer 13

-anterior talofibular ligament

Question 14

Clinical sign/symptom difference with cataracts and glaucoma

Answer 14

• cataracts have gradual loss of vision centrally first and then peripherally
• glaucoma is gradual loss of vision peripherally and then centrally progressing to total blindness

Question 15

prefrontal cortex

Answer 15

• controls emotions & judgments

- inside of the frontal lobe

Question 16

Broca’s area

Answer 16

• controls motor aspects of speech

- inside frontal lobe

Question 17

Difference between precentral and postcentral gyrus?

Answer 17

• precentral is the primary motor cortex for voluntary muscle activation
• postcentral is the primary sensory cortex for integration of sensation

Question 18

Parietal Lobe

Answer 18

• contains the postcentral gyrus which is the primary sensory cortex for integration of sensation
• receives fibers conveying touch, proprioceptive, pain & temperature sensations from opposite side of the body

Question 19

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 19

language comprehension

Question 20

Temporal Lobe

Answer 20

• primary auditory cortex: receives/processes auditory stimuli
• associative auditory cortex: processes auditory stimuli
• Wernicke’s area: language comprehension

Question 21

Occipital Lobe

Answer 21

• primary visual cortex: receives/processes visual stimuli

- visual association cortex: processes visual stimuli

Question 22

dorsal column/medial lemniscal system

Answer 22

-conveys sensations of proprioception, vibration & tactile discrimination

Question 23

lateral spinothalamic tract

Answer 23

-sensations of pain & temperature

Question 24

anterior spinothalamic tract

Answer 24

-crude touch

Question 25

spinocerebellar tract

Answer 25

-conveys proprioception information from muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs, & touch & pressure receptors to cerebellum for control of voluntary movements

Question 26

spinoreticular tract

Answer 26

-conveys deep & chronic pain to reticular formation of the brainstem via diffuse, polysynaptic pathways

Question 27

corticospinal tract

Answer 27

- voluntary motor control | - 10% of fibers do not cross in the medulla

Question 28

vestibulospinal tract

Answer 28

-control of muscle tone, antigravity muscles, & postural reflexes

Question 29

rubrospinal tract

Answer 29

-assist in motor function

Question 30

reticulospinal tract

Answer 30

-terminates both on dorsal gray (modifies transmission of sensation, especially pain) & on ventral gray (influences gamma motor neurons & spinal reflexes)

Question 31

tectospinal tract

Answer 31

-assist in head-turning responses to visual stimuli

Question 32

Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke

Answer 32

- most commonly involved - contralateral hemiplegia, mostly UE involvement, & loss of sensation primarily in the arm & face - homonymous hemianopsia is common - infarction in a dominant left hemisphere may produce aphasia & apraxia - occlusion of main stem of MCA can cause global aphasia

Question 33

somatagnosia

Answer 33

-lack of awareness of the relationship of one's own body parts or the body parts of others

Question 34

bitemporal hemianopsia

Answer 34

- a deficit of the temporal or peripheral visual fields, caused by an injury at the optic chiasm - also known as tunnel vision

Question 35

Cerebellar CVA signs and symptoms

Answer 35

- decreased balance - ataxia - decreased coordination - nausea - decreased ability for postural adjustment - nystagmus

Question 36

Ottawa Knee Rules for radiography

Answer 36

1. age 55 or older 2. tenderness to palpation at fibular head or patella 3. inability to flex knee past 90 degrees 4. inability to bear weight more than 4 steps

Question 37

pituitary gland

Answer 37

MASTER hormone regulator for secretion of hormones

Question 38

hematologic condition with AIDS or HIV

Answer 38

-CD4+ count of 200 cells/mL or less

Question 39

Normal CD4+ count

Answer 39

650-1,200 cells/mL

Question 40

hemisection of spinal cord

Answer 40

- ipsilateral motor and proprioception loss | - contralateral loss of pain & temperature

Question 41

lesion to anterior horn cells of spinal cord

Answer 41

LMN problems & hyporeflexia

Question 42

basal cell carcinomas

Answer 42

-usually occur on hair-bearing areas exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, head, ears, or hands. They grow slowly to 1-2 cm after years of growth

Question 43

squamous cell carcinomas

Answer 43

typically appears on the ear, face, lips, mouth, and dorsa of the hands. They are small, red, hard nodules.

Question 44

malignant melanoma

Answer 44

can appear anywhere in the body. It is usually asymmetric, has irregular borders, its colors can be black, brown, red, or white. It is larger than a pencil eraser, and it evolves in shape.

Question 45

Typical presentation of clubfoot

Answer 45

Talipes equinovarus, or clubfoot, involves plantar flexion, forefoot adduction, and calcaneal varus.

Question 46

CS Traction position for UCS, mid-CS and lower CS

Answer 46

- UCS = 0-5 deg flexion - mid-CS = 10-20 deg flexion - lower CS = 25-35 deg flexion

Question 47

Cranial nerves associated with gag reflex

Answer 47

IX - glossopharyngeal | X - vagus

Question 48

How to differentiate between glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves with cranial nerve testing

Answer 48

- ability to say "ahh" which tests vagus nerve | - both CNs are associated with gag reflex & ability to swallow

Question 49

catching or slipping sensation of the biceps muscle is indicative of what?

Answer 49

-could indicate a tear of the transverse humeral ligament

Question 50

Bankart lesion

Answer 50

- avulsion of the labral ligamentous complex from the anteroinferior aspect of the glenoid - most common lesion resulting in anterior joint instability - CT scan can diagnose the tear & surgical intervention is normally successful for repair