Boatcrew Flashcards
(313 cards)
1
Q
An “offshore life jacket” is what type of PFD?
A
Type 1
2
Q
Which type of wearable PFD is required to be reversible?
A
Type 1
3
Q
A child size Type 1 PFD provides how many pounds of buoyancy?
A
11
4
Q
An adult size Type 1 PFD provides how many pounds of buoyancy?
A
20
5
Q
What color are Type 1 PFDs?
A
International Orange
6
Q
What PFD is designed to turn most unconscious wearers in the water to a vertical or slightly backward position?
A
Type 1
7
Q
What disadvantage does type 1 PFD have, and is not recommended for boat crews?
A
Restricted mobility
8
Q
What side should a person enter the water from a vessel?
A
Windward
9
Q
A “near shore buoyant vest” is what type of PFD?
A
Type 2
10
Q
This type of PFD will turn some unconscious wearers to a face-up position in the water?
A
Type 2
11
Q
Type 2 PFDs depending on size, provides how much pounds of buoyancy?
A
7 to 15.5 lbs
12
Q
What is the minimum pounds of buoyancy for a Type 3 PFD?
A
15.5 lbs
13
Q
A “float coat” is what type of PFD?
A
Type 3
14
Q
Will the Type 3 PFD provide adequate level of buoyancy when worn with full complement of law enforcement gear?
A
No
15
Q
Buoyant cushions, ring buoys, and life rings are what type of PFD?
A
Type 4
16
Q
Ring buoys must be either orange or _____ in color?
A
White
17
Q
Anti-exposure coveralls, immersion suits, and CG authorized hybrid auto/manual inflatables are what type of PFD?
A
Type 5
18
Q
How far is the yellow-green light PML visible on a clear night?
A
1 mile
19
Q
How long does a PML last?
A
8 hours
20
Q
Units shall use the distress signal light rather than a PML when normally operating in temperatures below what?
A
50 degrees
21
Q
How thick is the neoprene on standard CG wetsuit?
A
3/16”
22
Q
When are cutter swimmers required to wear the orange hood?
A
Below 50 degrees
23
Q
Can the boat crew survival best be worn over an inflatable PFD?
A
No
24
Q
Can you substitute the distress signal for a PML when using the survival vest?
A
No
25
How far can light from a signal mirror be seen?
Great distance
26
How far can an emergency whistle be heard?
1000-1100 yards
27
How long does the MK-124 burn for?
20 sec per side
28
What angle do you hold the MK-124?
45 degrees
29
The MK-79 contains how many flares?
7
30
What color is the MK-79?
Red
31
What is the altitude of the MK-79 flare?
250-650 feet
32
How long does the MK-79 burn for?
4.5 sec
33
How much candle power is the MK-79 flare?
12,000
34
If MK-79 fails to fire a second time, how long do you wait before unscrewing?
30 sec
35
The distress signal will flash approx. how many times per minute?
50
36
What is the luminous intensity of the distress signal?
100,000 candle power
37
How long will the distress signal last?
9 hours continuously
38
What is the visibility of the distress signal on a clear night?
5 miles
39
What color is the MK-127?
White
40
How high will the MK-127 fire?
650-750 feet
41
How long will the MK-127 burn for?
36 sec
42
What is the luminous intensity of the MK-127?
125,000 candle power
43
What is the decent rate of the MK-127?
10-15 feet per sec
44
What angle should the MK-127 be held when fired?
90 degrees
45
How many pounds of force is required to break the weak link of the life raft?
500 lbs
46
Who should exit a capsized vessel first?
Best swimmer
47
Line used on CG boats are classified in how many ways?
2; Material and size
48
Small stuff is line up to what circumference?
1.5”
49
Regular line is what circumference?
1.5” to 5”
50
Hawser is line of what circumference?
5” and over
51
Strands twisted to either the right of the left is known as?
Lay
52
Made only from synthetics and 50% of its strength is in the core?
Double-braided
53
Made of eight strands, four right-twisted and four left-twisted?
Plaited
54
Made from fibers of the abaca plant and is the strongest and most expensive of the natural fibers?
Manila
55
Made from the agave plant and is rated 80% of Manila strength?
Sisal
56
What are the four natural fiber lines types?
Manual, sisal, hemp and cotton
57
Should you use natural fiber line as a tow line?
No
58
This synthetic line fiber is about 80% of the strength of nylon and only stretches 10% of its original length?
Dacron
59
The strongest of synthetic lines?
Nylon
60
This line is half the strength of nylon, 25% lighter and floats in water?
Polyethylene and Polypropylene
61
This line is used where the line must bear a load?
Nylon
62
The only line used for towlines on CG boats?
Double-braided Nylon
63
This refers to the stretch of the line?
Elongation
64
This refers to the ability of the line to recover from elongation?
Elasticity
65
The point where the static pulling force becomes such that any increase in engine load could lead to damage to the engine of the towing boat?
Bollard Pull
66
What is the preferred method for cutting nylon and polypropylene line?
Hot knife
67
This occurs when a line under a strain exceeds 75% of its breaking strength?
Fiber damage
68
A twist or curl caused when the line doubles back on itself?
Kink
69
A kink in an inner yarn that forces the yarns to the surface?
Cockle
70
Will braided line will not kink or cockle?
No
71
Lines that are overloaded should be replaced if the circumference is reduced by what percent?
5%
72
Rust stains, extending into the cross section of natural fiber and nylon fiber yarns can lower line strength as much as?
40%
73
Three strand synthetic lines should be allowed to relax for how long?
24 hours
74
Lengths less than 50ft will relax in how long when laid out straight?
One hour
75
Three-strand synthetic line often coiled in what direction to reduce a natural tendency to tighten up?
Clockwise
76
Device used to measure the percentage of elongation is called?
Tattletale
77
Knots or splices can reduce the breaking strength of a line as much as?
50 to 60%
78
What is stronger a knot or a splice?
Splice
79
The running end or the free end of a line, the working end?
Bitter end
80
The long unused or belated end of a line?
Standing part
81
A loop made in a line by crossing the bitter end over the standing part?
Overhand look
82
A loop made in a line by crossing the bitter end under the standing part?
Underhand loop
83
Formed by turning the line back on itself?
Bight
84
A single wind or bight of a rope, laid around a belaying pin, post, bollard or the like?
Turn
85
A complete turn or encircling of a line about an object, as opposed to a single turn?
Round turn
86
Used to make a temporary eye in a line?
Bowline
87
Used for temporarily securing a line to objects such as a ring or eye?
Half hitches
88
Used the attach one line to another, where the second line is under a strain and cannot be bent?
Rolling hitch
89
Preferred knot for securing a heaving line to a towline?
Clove hitch
90
A clove hitch with a quick release?
Slip clove hitch
91
Used to secure a line to lots, spars, planks, or other rough-surfaces material?
Timber hitch
92
The best knot for connecting a line to an eye splice in another line?
Single becket bend
93
Used for joining lines of unequal size?
Double becket bend
94
Also known as a reef knot?
Square knot
95
An overhand knot with an extra twist?
Figure eight knot (stopper)
96
Used to secure a line to a ring in and anchor or mooring buoy?
Anchor bend (fisherman’s)
97
Used to temporarily shorten a piece of line?
Sheepshank
98
May be used to prevent an I whipped line from unlaying?
Crown knot
99
How many ticks in eye splice for three strand natural fiber?
3
100
How many tucks in an eye spliced for three strand synthetic line?
4
101
Used to permanently connect two ends of a line?
Short splice
102
How many turns should be made for a temporary whipping?
Same as diameter
103
How many wraps should be made for permanent whipping?
15 to 20 wraps
104
What is the rule of thumb of line diameter to each inch of cleat?
1/16” per
105
Powers of observation, concentration, and judgment are dramatically redueced by?
Fatigue
106
Extreme weather conditions, stress, exposure to noise and sun, lack of sleep, and boredom are some situations that may cause?
Fatigue
107
The crews' safety and welfare is whose primary responsibility?
Coxswain
108
Inability to focus, confusion, increased irritability, decreased performance and concern for safety are symptoms of?
Fatigue
109
Adequate rest, crew rotation, food and refreshments and appropriate dress can help prevent?
Fatigue
110
Motion sickness, glare, rough sea conditions, rain or snow and boat vibrations are considered?
Environmental conditions that promote fatigue
111
What are the 5 primary factors that can be used to predict fatigue-related crew endurance decrements in operation?
1. Time of day
2. Sleep duration/quality
3. Stability of sleep/wake schedule
4. Continuous vs split sleep
5. Period of sustained wakefulness
112
For missions that begin or end between 2300 and 0500, if the boatcrew had initial sleep of 0-6 hours, what is the required additional sleep period?
6+ hours
113
For missions that begin or end between 2300 and 0500, if the boatcrew had intial sleep of 6-7 hours, what is the required additional sleep period?
2+ hours
114
Time spent at a sheltered anchorage can extend the maximum hours for a crew by?
50%
115
Crews who perform missions on multiple boat types in a 24 hour period should not exceed ___ hours underway.
6 - 10
116
What are the 3 different type of hulls?
Displacement, Planing and Semi-displacement
117
The ability of a boat to float is known as?
Buoyancy
118
The ability of a boat to remain upright is known as?
Stability
119
The outward turn of the hull as the sides of the hill come up from the waterline, increasing displacement?
Flare
120
This is the reverse of flare, and is the shape of the hull as it moves out going from the gunwale to the waterline?
Tumble home
121
The curvature of the deck athwartships, so water flows off is called?
Camber
122
The curvature of the main deck from bow to stern?
Sheer
123
Additional floatation known as "reserve buoyancy" is provided by?
Flare and Sheer
124
The turn of the boats hull below the waterline?
Chine
125
The ____ at the stern of the boat is either wide, float, or curved. It affects the speed, hull resistance, and performanced of the boat.
Transom
126
The distance from the bow to the stern at the waterline?
Length and waterline
127
The distance from the foremost to the aftermost points on the boat hull?
Length overall
128
The measurement of the widest part of the hull?
Beam
129
The measurement of a frame from its port inside edge to its starboard inside edge?
Breadth
130
The distance between outside surfaces of the shell plating of the hull at its widest point?
Molded Beam
131
The distance between outside edges of the frames at the widest point of the hull?
Extreme breadth
132
The depth of the boat from the waterline to the keel?
Draft
133
The depth of the boat from the actual waterline to any other permanent projection?
Draft appendage
134
Relative term that refers to the way the boat sits in the water?
Trim
135
The weight of a boat and is measured in long tons or pounds?
Displacement
136
The entire cubic capacity of a boat expressed in tons of 100 cubic feet?
Gross tons
137
The carrying capacity of a boat expressed in tons of 100 cubic feet, and is calculated by measuring the cubic content of the cargo and passenger spaces?
Net tons
138
The difference between the light displacement and the maximum loaded displacement of a boat and is expressed in long tons or pounds?
Deadweight
139
The weight of the boat excluding fuel, water, outfit, cargo, crew, and passengers?
Light Displacement
140
The weight of the boat including fuel, water, outfit, cargo, crew and passengers?
Loaded Displacement
141
This type of hull boat pushes away water allowing the hull to settle down into the water?
Displacement
142
The displacement hull vessels maximum speed is determined by?
Its waterline length
143
External forces cause this hull to lift up onto the water?
Planing
144
The backbone of the boat?
Keel
145
These ___ are attached to the keel and extend athwarthships?
Frames
146
An extension of the forward end of the keel and are normally raked at an upward angle to reduce water friction?
Stem
147
A vertical extension of the aft end of the keel?
Sternpost
148
In metal boats, what are the two common types of keels?
Bar and Flat plate
149
This type of keel can be disadvantageous because it extends below the bottom of the boat increasing the boats draft?
Bar
150
This type of keel is perpendicular to the centerline of the hull resembling an "I" beam?
Flat plate
151
This rudder blade is about half forward and half aft of the rudder post?
Balanced
152
The rudder is more than half of the blade aft of the rudder post?
Semi-balanced
153
This rudder blade is entirely aft of the rudder post?
Unbalanced
154
The propeller on a single screw boat typically turn in what directions?
Clockwise
155
On twin screw boats the propellers turn in what direction?
Opposite, rotating outward
156
The area of the blade down at the hub is called?
Root
157
The edge of the propeller blade that strikes the water first is called?
Leading edge
158
The edge of the propeller blade opposite of the edge that strikes first is called?
Following edge
159
The diameter of the screw, the circle made by its tips and its circumference is called?
Tip circle
160
The distance a propeller advances in one revolution with no slip?
Pitch
161
These extend athwartships and ar perpendicular to the keel, also known as the "ribs"?
Transverse frames
162
How are frames numbered on the 47' MLB?
Stern to bow
163
These frames run parallel with keel and provide hull strength along its length?
Longitudinal frames
164
Holes is the side railings of a boat designed for water to flow overboard are known as?
Scuppers
165
A weather deck hatch is made watertight by sealing it into a raised framework called?
Coaming
166
Watertight doors and hatches should be secured by tightening down which dogs first?
Opposite of hinges
167
Watertight doors and hatches should be opened by loosening which dogs first?
Nearest to the hinges
168
Chafing chain is attached to the shank of the anchor by what?
Screw pin shackle
169
This prevents chafing of anchor line at connection point with associated hardware?
Thimble
170
This allows the achor to spin freely?
Swivel
171
This attaches to a trailer eyebolt on small boats for towing or weighing anchor of disabled boats, etc?
Kicker hook
172
Used to determining water depth and bottom type?
Lead line
173
The two primary forces that affect stability?
Gravity and Buoyancy
174
The point at which the weight of the boat acts vertically downwards?
Center of gravity
175
The upward force of water displaced by the hull?
Buoyancy
176
The point on which all upward/vertical force is considered to act?
Center of buoyancy
177
The point when a boat is at rest, the center of buoyancy acting upwards is below the center of gravity acting downwards?
Equilibrium
178
The intersection of hte vertical line through the center of buoyancy and the vertical centerline is called the?
Metacenter
179
A temporary leaning of the boat?
Heeling
180
A permanent leaning of the boat?
Listing
181
Side to side motion of boat?
Rolling
182
Two types of stability?
Longitudinal and Transverse
183
The force that causes a vessel to return to an even keel, or upright position?
Vessel's moment
184
The force causig a vessel to react against a roll and return to an even keel?
Righting moment
185
Placement of weight within the hull, flooding or grounding are examples of what type of force?
Static
186
Wind and waves are example of what type of force?
Dynamic
187
Observing the roll of both vessels, being aware of external forces, adjusting course and speed and avoiding sharp tuerns are examples of?
Stability Risk management
188
Loose water that shifts from side to side or forward and aft is called?
Free Surface Effect
189
If the free surface are doubles in width, its adverse effect on stability will change by a factor of?
4
190
The unobstructed movement of seawater into and out of the vessel caused by damage to the hull?
Free communication with the sea
191
The entry of water into the hull?
Down-flooding
192
Environmental forces that affect the horizontal motion of a vessel are?
Wind, seas, and currents
193
The amount of surface upon which the wind acts upon on a vessel called?
Sail area
194
If a vessel's draft is shallower forward than aft, the wind will affect the ___ more?
Bow
195
Small pockets of clam areas made from vessels or piers that block the wind?
Wind shadow
196
When ____ goes against the wind, the wave patterns will be steeper and closer together.
Current
197
One knot of current may affet a vessel to the same degree as a ____ knot wind.
30
198
Point of which every vessel rotates in a transverse direction?
Pivot point
199
What is the degree of offset used to compensate for shaft torque?
Approx. 1 degree
200
The water flow pattern into the propeller's arc of rotation?
Suction screw current
201
The thrust flow pattern out of the propeller?
Discharge screw current
202
Which screw current will always be stronger that the other?
Discharge screw current
203
For right-handed screws turning ahead, the stern will tend to move to?
Starboard
204
This usually occurs when the propeller rotates at very high speeds and a partial vacuum foms air bubbles at the tips of the propeller blades?
Cavitation
205
An engine-driven impeller mounted in housing, allowing for peration in very shallow water?
Waterjet
206
Waterjet impellers generate no side force?
True
207
When going from ahead to astern position or vice versa, a coxswain should what?
Stop briefly at the the neutral position
208
At low speeds, helm correction will be more frequent and require more rudder than at higher speeds?
True
209
Why should running at full speed all of the time be avoided?
Increases fuel consumption with no speed increase
210
What is good normal operating limit for semi displacement vessels?
80%
211
For many vessels, where is the most comfortable, secure location for the entire crew?
Immediate vicinity of the helm
212
In extremely narrow channels, a vessel moving through the water will cause the "wedge" of water between the bow and nearer bank to build up higher than on the other side. This is called?
Bank Cushion
213
Screw suction and the movement of water to "fill-in" where the boat was creates?
Bank Suction
214
Meeting another vessel close aboard can potential have this effect?
Bow cushion and Stern suction
215
When the forward speed is higher, the pivot of a vessel moves which way?
Forward
216
The distance a vessel is well off to the side of the original track through a turn?
Transfer
217
The path a vessel holds through 180 degrees is defined as?
Tactical Diameter
218
If a vessel holds a turn through 360 degrees, the distance it takes to reach the point where if first put the helm over is referred to as its?
Final diameter
219
Where is the water deepest and the current strongest, on natural waterway bends or turns?
Outside of the bend
220
Circular currents are called?
Eddies
221
How do you minimize the effect of head current when going through a bend?
Steering along the inside quarter of the channel
222
A turn with a following current should be approached just to the ___ of the middle of the channel.
Outside
223
The distance the vessel will travel when stopping from different speeds?
Head reach
224
Emergency techniques by immediately going from full speed ahead to full astern is known as?
Crash stop
225
When stopping forward way by full helm on a jet drive, what must be done before reducing thrust?
You must turn
226
As a vessel develops stern way the apparent pivot point moves?
Aft
227
When using one engine at higher RPM than the other?
Asymmetric power
228
For single-outboard/outdrive, propeller side force is offset by turning the helm slightly to the?
Right
229
When the propeller rotates without any resistance?
Free-wheel
230
Relying on the tendency of a vessel to back to port, and then thrust ahead to starboard, in order to turn the vessel in little more than its own length is known as?
Back and Fill (Casting)
231
Maintaining distance, position and aspect to or from an object is known as?
Station keeping
232
No two items will drift at the same speed through the water?
True
233
Keeping the current or wind directly on the bow or stern and hold position by setting boat speed to equally oppose the speed of drift?
Stem the forces
234
A breaking wave?
Breaker
235
The outer limit of the surf?
Breaker line
236
A wave with a thin line of water upon its crest on the point of breaking?
Comber
237
The top of a wave, breaker, or swell?
Crest
238
The distance over water in which seas are generated by an unobstructed wind of constant direction and speed?
Fetch
239
Top of the foaming water that speeds toward the beach after the wave has broken; popularly known as white water?
Foam crest
240
The time interval between successive wave crests passing a fixed point?
Frequency
241
Refracted or reflected waves that interact with other waves and cause an incease/decrease wave height?
Interference
242
The time, in seconds, it takes for two sucessive creasts to pass a fixed point?
Period
243
The combination of waves and swells, generally referred to as?
Seas
244
A group of waves that seem to travel together, at the same speed?
Series
245
Several breakers in a continuous lines?
Surf
246
The area near shore in which breaking occurs continuously in various intensities?
Surf zone
247
Waves that have been moved out of the area in which they were created, sometimes traveling for thousands of miles across deep water without much loss of energy?
Swell
248
The valley between waves?
Trough
249
Distance from bottom of trough to top of crest?
Wave height
250
Distance from crest to crest, or trough to trough?
Wave length
251
The two major types of waves?
Choppy and Rounded
252
A 20ft breaker will drop ___ tons of water on a boat and can swamp and/or severely damage it.
1500 tons
253
The three main types of breaking waves?
Plunging, Spilling, and Surging
254
A breaking waved caused by a sudden lack of water ahead of a wave, such as in a steep rise of the ocean floor?
Plunging
255
A breaking wave caused by waves of low steepness moving over a gentile sloping ocean floor?
Spilling
256
A breaking wave that occurs on very steep beaches?
Surging
257
A wind wave where the depth of the water is greater than one-half the wavelength?
Deepwater wave
258
A wave traveling in water where the depth is less than one-half the wavelength?
Shallow water wave
259
Tidal currents going against the waves will make the waves?
Steeper
260
Vertical rise and fall of the ocean water level caused by gravitational attraction of the sun and moon?
Tide
261
The horizontal motion of water resulting in te chage of tide?
Current
262
The compass heading toward which the water moves?
Current direction
263
Horizontal motion of water toward land?
Flood
264
Horizontal motion of water away from land?
Ebb
265
The period that occurs while the current is changing direction and as no horizontal motion?
Slack
266
Currents that run parallel to the shore and inside the breakers?
Longshore current
267
These currents occur at channel bends, near points of land, and at places where bottom is uneven?
Eddy
268
Who performs lookout duties in a crew?
Everyone
269
\_\_\_\_ is based on the eyes receiving and interpreting a different type of light than exist during the daylight.
Night Vision
270
How long must your eyes take to adapt to night?
30 minutes
271
Looking all around an object, and not directly at it, at night is called?
Off-center vision
272
A mishap involving a PIW can be classified two ways?
Fall and ejection
273
Line #1 is called?
Bowline
274
Line #4 is called?
Stern line
275
Line #2 is called?
After bow spring line
276
Line #3 is called?
Forward quarter spring
277
During times of foul weather, _____ lines may be used to provide additional holding strength.
Breast lines (storm lines)
278
Which side moorings are the easiest for single-screw boats with "right-hand" props?
Portside
279
When mooring with an off-dock wind, the approach should be made at a sharp angle ___ ?
45 degrees or more
280
When mooring with an on-dock wind, the approach should be made?
Parallel
281
Do not approach from _____ if it will put the vessel and crew in jeopardy, whether from shoal water or obstructions farther to leeward, or from smoke or hazardous fumes.
Leeward
282
A line used to sheer a boat clear of a ships side when underway or to hold a boat in position under shipboard hoisitng davits?
Sea Painter
283
The upand down motion of the bow or stern?
Pitch
284
The vertical motion the entire boat makes?
Heave
285
Which water has more buoyancy, "green" or "white"?
Green water
286
General term for the anchor, anchor rodes, fittings etc.?
Ground tackle
287
A cyclindrical or elliptical pipr or casting in vessels hull through which the anchor rode runs?
Hawspipe
288
The horizontal force placed on an anchoring device by the vessel to which it is connected?
Horizontal load
289
A post or clear through or on the the deck of a vessel used to secure an anchor rode or other line to the vessel?
Mooring bit
290
The line connecting an anchor with a vessel?
Rode
291
The ratio of the length of the anchor rode to the vertical distance from the bow chocks to the bottom?
SCope
292
The lifting force placed on the bow of the vessel by its anchor rode?
Vertical load
293
A working, or service anchor should have the holding power to equal approximately ____ % of the boats displacement?
6%
294
A storm achor should be at least ____ % as effective as the service anchor?
150-200%
295
Part of the anchor that aids in setting and weighing the anchor, also the attachment point for the anchor line?
Shank
296
Part of the anchor that digs in the bottom and bury the anchor, providing holding power?
Flukes
297
Part of the anchor that lifts the rear of the flukes, and forces the flukes into the bottom?
Crown
298
Part of the anchor that prevents the anchor from rolling or rotating?
Stock
299
What is the most commonly used line for anchor rode?
Nylon
300
Synthetic line thimbles should be used for lines ___ in circumference or larger?
2 3/4" (7/8" diameter)
301
Tends to lower the angle of pull of the anchor and assists in preventing chafing of the anchor line on the bottom?
Chafing chain
302
Enough rode should be paid out so the lower end of the rode forms and angle of ___ with the bottom?
8 degrees or less
303
What is the recommended scope ration range of the anchor rode?
Between 5:1 and 7:1
304
What is the recommended scope ratio range of the anchor rode in heavy weather?
10:1
305
Monitor bearings taken on at least two landmarks shoud be a minimum of ___ apart?
45 degrees
306
What are the 2 different properties of static force that cause resistence in towing vessels?
Inertia and Moment of inertia
307
The tendency for a vessel at rest to stay at rest?
Inertia
308
When a towed vessel resists effort to turn about a vertical axis to change heading?
Moment of inertia
309
These forces occur when the towed vessel is moving, and are based on the towed vessels characteristics, the motion caused by the towing vessel, and the effect of waves and wind?
Dynamic forces
310
This is caused by the layer of water in immediate contact with the hull, water molecules tend to drag along the hull?
Frictional Resistance
311
This occurs when the boat is running beam to the seas?
Rolling
312
This occurs when the boat is running bow into the waves?
Pitching
313
This occurs when the boat is operating in floowing seas, sheering off to port or starboard due to the action of the waves?
Yawing
