Bocken et al. 2014

Question 1

What are the 3 groupings in which the 8 business model archetypes of Bocken et al. (2014) can be categorized?

Answer 1

• technological
• social
• organizational

Question 2

What are the 3 business model archetypes in the ‘technological group’?

Answer 2

• maximize material and energy efficiency
• create value from waste
• substitute with renewables and natural processes

Question 3

What are the 3 business model archetypes in the ‘social group’?

Answer 3

• Deliver functionality rather than ownership
• Adopt a stewardship role
• Encourage sufficiency

Question 4

What are the 2 business model archetypes in the ‘organizational group’?

Answer 4

• repurpose for society / environment
• develop scale up solutions

Question 5

Name 5 examples of the archetype ‘maximize material and energy efficiency’

Answer 5

• low carbon manufacturing / solutions
• lean manufacturing
• additive manufacturing
• de-materialisation (of products/packaging)
• increased functionality (to reduce total number of products required)

Question 6

Name 8 examples of the archetype ‘create value from waste’

Answer 6

• circular economy, closed loop
• cradle-2-cradle
• industrial symbiosis
• reuse, recylce, re-manufacture
• take back management
• use excess capacity
• sharing assets (shared ownership and collaborative consumption)
• extended producer responsibility

Question 7

Name 8 examples of the archetype ‘substitute with renewables and natural processes’

Answer 7

• move from non-renewable to renewable energy sources
• solar and wind-power based energy innovations
• zero emissions initiative
• blue economy
• biomimicry
• the natural step
• slow manufacturing
• green chemistry

Question 8

Name 6 examples of the archetype ‘Deliver functionality rather than ownership’

Answer 8

• product-oriented PSS-maintenance, extended warrantee
• use oriented PSS-Rental, lease, shared
• result-oriented PSS-pay per use
• private finance initiative (PFI)
• design, build, finance, operate (DBFO)
• chemical management services (CMS)

Question 9

Name 6 examples of the archetype ‘Adopt a stewardship role’

Answer 9

• biodiversity protection
• consumer care - promote consumer health and well-being
• ethical trade (fair trade)
• choice editing by retailers
• radical transparency about environmental / societal impacts
• resource stewardship

Question 10

Name 7 examples of the archetype ‘Encourage sufficiency’

Answer 10

• consumer education (models): communication and awareness
• demand management (including cap & trade)
• slow fashion
• product longevity
• premium branding / limited liability
• frugal business
• responsible product distribution/promotion

Question 11

Name 7 examples of the archetype ‘repurpose for society / environment’

Answer 11

• not for profit
• hybrid businesses, social entreprise (for profit)
• alternative ownership: cooperative, mutual, (farmers) collectives
• social and biodiversity regeneration initiatives (‘net positive’)
• base of pyramid solutions
• localisation
• home based, flexible working

Question 12

Name 7 examples of the archetype ‘develop scale up solutions’

Answer 12

• collaborative approaches
• incubators and entrepreneur support models
• licensing, franchising
• open innovation (platforms)
• crowd sourcing / funding
• ‘patient / slow capital’ collaborations