Body Composition

Question 1

What is anthropometry

Answer 1

The measurement of the body

Question 2

How is body mass index calculated?

Answer 2

Weight (kg) / height (m^2)

Question 3

What is the underweight BMI range?

Answer 3

<18.5

Question 4

What is the normal weight BMI range?

Answer 4

18.5-24.9

Question 5

What is the overweight BMI range?

Answer 5

25.0-29.9

Question 6

What is the obese class 1 BMI range?

Answer 6

30.0-34.9

Question 7

What is the obese class 2 BMI range?

Answer 7

35.0-39.9

Question 8

What is the obese class 3 BMI range?

Answer 8

> 40.0

Question 9

Why is BMI not an adequate measurement for some individuals

Answer 9

Weight-training individuals mass is made of more muscle rather than fat

Question 10

Why is waist circumference important?

Answer 10

It assesses central obesity as visceral fat located in the abdominal region is associated with a greater health risk than peripheral fat.

Question 11

What waist circumference is concerning in men

Answer 11

Greater than 102 cm or 40 inches

Question 12

What waist circumference is concerning in women

Answer 12

Greater than 88 cm or 35 inches

Question 13

How are indirect body measurement methods derived?

Answer 13

From direct methods involving cadavers

Question 14

What happens as methods become further away from the direct method?

Answer 14

There is a greater chance of error in the estimate

Question 15

How can the Population specific body composition method be inaccurate

Answer 15

Will be inaccurate if it is applied to individuals who differ in physical characteristics.

Question 16

How are generalizable equations developed?

Answer 16

From diverse, heterogenous samples and account for differences in age, gender, race or ethnicity.

Question 17

What is the purpose of the Siri equation

Answer 17

It predicts percent body fat though a generalizable equation. Individuals who are further away from the average physical characteristics can have inaccurate body fat percentages

Question 18

What is the Siri equation

Answer 18

Body fat %= (495/body density)-450

Question 19

Skinfold measurement

Answer 19

Predict body density from skin folds; Can assess % body fat with a standard error of estimate (SEE) of 3.5%

Question 20

What kind of measurement is skinfold measurements and why?

Answer 20

Doubly indirect because it uses the indirect method of hydrostatic weighing to calculate water displacement and estimate fat mass

Question 21

Bioelectrial impedance analysis

Answer 21

Simple, inexpensive, quick, non-invasive technique for measuring body composition that uses the principle that electrical currents flow at different rates through the body depending on composition. Adipose tissue/Fat slows the rate of conduction.

Question 22

Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

Answer 22

Utilizes X-ray scan to quantify the parameters of body composition. Separates the body into three chemical components: lean self tissue; fat soft tissue; bone. Results in the most accurate body fat percentage

Question 23

T-score on DEXA

Answer 23

Compares your bone density to the average bone density of a young healthy adult of the same sex

Question 24

Z score on DEXA

Answer 24

Compares your bone density to the average bone density of someone with the same age, sex, and race/ethnicity

Question 25

How does bone density risk change?

Answer 25

The risk of fractures doubles with every standard deviation below normal

Question 26

Accuracy definition

Answer 26

How close the measured value is to the true value

Question 27

Precision

Answer 27

Represents how close measured values are to each other

Question 28

Bias

Answer 28

Represents whether there are systemic differences between measured and true values

Question 29

Athlete Triad

Answer 29

A syndrome of three interrelated conditions that include low energy availability, functional hypothalamic amenorrheal or hypogonadotropic hyogonadism, and osteoporosis.

Question 30

Energy availability (kcal/kg)

Answer 30

(Dietary intake - exercise energy expenditure) / Fat free mass

Question 31

Mean arterial pressure represents the ______ pressure in the arteries during a cardiac cycle

Answer 31

Average