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Biology > Body covering and support in plants > Flashcards

Body covering and support in plants Flashcards

0
Q

What does epidermes secrete in most stems and leaves?

A

cuticles

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1
Q

What is the skin of the plant called?

A

the epidermis

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2
Q

what do cuticles do?

A

prevent evaporation

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3
Q

what is under the layer of the epidermis?

A

a spongy mesophyll

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4
Q

what two names are plants split into?

A

herbaceous and woody

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5
Q

what do woody plants have associated with them?

A

bark

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6
Q

what else can you separate plants into?

A

annuals or perennials

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7
Q

do annuals complete their life cycle?

A

yes and they tend to be herbaceous

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8
Q

do perennial plants live long?

A

yes they live many years and then usually die of infection sever drought or fire.

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9
Q

what are the four types of plant tissue?

A

epidermal, vascular ground and meristematic

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10
Q

are perennial plants monocot or dicot?

A

dicot

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11
Q

what does meristematic tissue allow the plant to do?

A

grow due to the division of cells

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12
Q

what is the cell division called ?

A

mitosis

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13
Q

what does mitosis do for the plant?

A

provides new cells

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14
Q

what are the two locations for meristematic tissues?

A

shoot apical meristem (ones at the tip)

root apical meristem (ones at the tip of the roots)

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15
Q

What is cork cambium?

A

later meristematic tissue in plants that produces cork cells that replaces epidermis during secondary growth.

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16
Q

what do cork cells deposit?

A

suberin

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17
Q

what makes up bark?

A

periderm plus phloem

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18
Q

where is phloem located on the plant?

A

outside

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19
Q

where is xylem located on the plant?

A

inside of woody trees

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20
Q

what surrounds the xylem and what is that surrounded by?

A

vasuclar cambium surrounds xylem and that is surrounded by the phloem

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21
Q

what can vascular cambium do to become xylem or phloem ?

A

separate

22
Q

what is cambium?

A

meristematic tissue that can divide

23
Q

what does cork cambium do?

A

give rise to cork cells that forms the bark or woody outside

24
Q

what is wood?

A

secondary xylem

25
Q

is vascular cambien a monocot or dicot?

A

dicot

26
Q

what can cambium do?

A

divide into cambium and differentiated cell

27
Q

what happens to the cells that go inside and the cells that go outside?

A

the cells that go inside are xylem and the cells that go outside are phloem

28
Q

What do tree rings mean?

A

lines= slowed growth
a large width between lines mean a rainy season
a small width means a drought

29
Q

what are rays?

A

ground tissue between vascular bundles for radial transport of water and nutrients and starch storage

30
Q

what is integument?

A

skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system

31
Q

how does skin protect the body ?

A

it makes fatty acids that keeps things out keeps moister in and hair that keeps things out and protects you from uv rays

32
Q

how many layers does skin have?

A

skin has three layers

33
Q

what are the three layers of skin?

A

epidermis the outermost layer, the dermis (under the epidermis) and the hypodermis under the dermis

34
Q

what is the hydrostatic skeleton?

A

fluid held under pressure in a closed body compartment

35
Q

in a earthworm what pushes against fluid in the coelom?

A

muscles

36
Q

what happens if longitudinal muscles contract?

A

body gets shorter and circular get wider

37
Q

what happens if longitudinal muscles extract?

A

body length gets longer and circular gets narrow

38
Q

what happens if circular muscles contract?

A

the width gets narrower and length gets longer

39
Q

what happens if circular muscles extract?

A

you get thicker and length gets shorter

40
Q

what is the exoskeleton?

A

a skeleton found on the outer portion of the body

41
Q

what are the skeletons made of in arthropods?

A

chitin

42
Q

what are the 3 layers to the exoskeleton of an arthropod?

A

epicuticle (outer waxy layer) procuticle (middle layer) hypodermis (secrets top two layer)

43
Q

what is the advantage to having a hard shell?

A

it protects the inside and light weight and is also flexible around the joints

44
Q

what is a disadvantage to having a hard shell?

A

they are vulnerable and have to mold in order to grow a new exoskeleton

45
Q

what are the shells of mollusks made of ?

A

calcium carbonate crystals that are embedded in protein, mollusks have a shell secreted by epidermal layer called a mantle

46
Q

what has exoskeletons?

A

mammals, reptiles amphibians, aves,

47
Q

what is cartilage?

A

a matrix gel like glycoprotein

48
Q

what is chondro from and cytes from

A

chondro is from cartilage and cytes from cells

49
Q

are bones inflexible and holllow?

A

yes

50
Q

what are bones filled with?

A

bone marrow

51
Q

what are the two types of bone marrow?

A

yellow (center of long bones, stores nutrients) red (make new cells pelvis and sternum are filled with red)

52
Q

what is an endoskeleton?

A

bones are held together by ligaments muscles are attached to bones by tendons and muscles move bones muscle contractions move bones

Biology (6 decks)

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