Osmoregulation

Question 0

What does osmoregulation do?

Answer 0

Keeps H2o/ Ions/ wastes at tolerable levels

Question 1

What organs are we talking about in humans with osmoregulation?

Answer 1

Kidneys/ excretory System

Question 2

Is osmoregulation exclusive?

Answer 2

Not exclusive

Question 3

Are all organs connected?

Answer 3

all organs are connected

Question 4

What does waste contain?

Answer 4

Waste contains nitrogen

Question 5

Do proteins have nitrogen?

Answer 5

yes proteins do have nitrogen

Question 6

What should you think of when you hear amino acid?

Answer 6

Nitrogen

Question 7

What is the cleave off of an amino group to use an amino acid called?

Answer 7

Deamination

Question 8

What is invertebratess?

Answer 8

Deamination by digestive gland

Question 9

What organ deaminates in vertebrates?

Answer 9

liver

Question 10

what does the deamination of proteins and amino acid lead to?

Answer 10

the production of ammonia

Question 11

Who excretes the very toxic ammonia?

Answer 11

Fish and a lot of aquatic organisms

Question 12

What is excreted by humans, mammals, sharks and some fish?

Answer 12

Urea

Question 13

Does it take more energy to excrete something less toxic?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

Is uric acid soluble in water?

Answer 14

no but is not toxic , can be excreted in solid form

Question 15

Is uric acid found in a cleidoic egg?

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

ES or excretory structure system uses at least 3 mechanisms

Answer 16

Filtration/osmotic pressure- forces body into ES via force or osmotic pressure. (pulls fluids into ES with high solute concentration.) Solutes=filtrate
Reabsorption/ Secretion - active transport of needed components back into body from ES.
Excretion-removal of unwanted compounds from body (urine)

Question 17

What is one of the most common invertebrate excretory systems?

Answer 17

Nephridium

Question 18

Why are there different types of ES among arthropods?

Answer 18

because of the different species

Question 19

Crustaceans use 3 processes which are?

Answer 19

Reabsorption excretion and filtration

Question 20

where do arthropods excrete out of

Answer 20

the nephridia pore

Question 21

what do insects and spiders have?

Answer 21

malpighian tubules found further behind the gastric seca filtration is absent

Question 22

where is reabsorption most in insects

Answer 22

the hindgut

Question 23

what is excreted in insects and spiders

Answer 23

pellet of both the feces and urine

Question 24

what are the two environmental habitats for vertebrate organisms?

Answer 24

salt water and freshwater

Question 25

What happens with the tonicity of organisms when they are in salt water?

Answer 25

hypertonic

Question 26

Does saltwater contain a lot of solutes in its environment?

Answer 26

yes

Question 27

Does freshwater have a lot of solutes inside?

Answer 27

yes

Question 28

what does salt water bring gain and loose?

Answer 28

lots of NaCl little h20 Brings in NaCl Looses H20+ NaCl Takes in water

Question 29

What does freshwater loose and gain and what does it have lots of?

Answer 29

lots of dilute urine, lots of H2O little NaCl Looses NaCl Gains H20 and NaCl

Question 30

What are pieces of the excretory structure?

Answer 30

Gills/Kidneys

Question 31

What forces excess water out of kidney in freshwater (copius urine)?

Answer 31

Filtration

Question 32

what does marine mean?

Answer 32

little urine

Question 33

Where are the kidneys located on a terrestrial vertebrate?

Answer 33

posterior

Question 34

how did terrestrial vertebrates evolve?

Answer 34

by evolving to conserve water/ salts. get rid of urea/ uric acid.

Question 35

in terrestrial vertebrates is the kidney outside of the coelom?

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

what is the bowman's capsule?

Answer 36

capillaries in the form of a network called the glomerulus and the area around the glomerulus is the bowman's capsule

Question 37

how many microscopic coiled tubes are in the kidneys?

Answer 37

approximately 2 billion

Question 38

What causes the solutes to filter into the bowman's capsule and into the glomerulus?

Answer 38

pressure from the heart pumping

Question 39

where does a lot of reabsorption occur with terrestrial vertebrates?

Answer 39

the proximal tubal

Question 40

in a terrestrial vertebrate what will be passively and actively transported?

Answer 40

water will be moved passibely and salts and nutrients will be actively

Question 41

Will water always be a passive transport?

Answer 41

yes