Body Fluid Compartments

Question 1

What does blood contain?

Answer 1

Extracellular (plasma) and intracellular (in RBC) fluid

Question 2

Why is blood considered as a separate fluid compartment?

Answer 2

Contained within its own chamber - circulatory system

Question 3

How much extracellular fluid?

Answer 3

14 litres

Plasma = 3L

Interstitial fluid = 11L

Question 4

Composition in plasma and interstitial fluid:

Answer 4

Almost same composition - apart from proteins

Most proteins too big to permeate so higher conc in plasma

Question 5

How much intracellular fluid?

Answer 5

28 litres

Question 6

How is intracellular fluid separated from extracellular fluid?

Answer 6

Membranes highly permeable to water but not permeable to most electrolytes

Question 7

Potassium conc. in intracellular fluid?

Answer 7

140 mM

Question 8

Potassium conc. in extracellular fluid?

Answer 8

5 mM

Question 9

Sodium conc. in intracellular fluid?

Answer 9

15 mM

Question 10

Sodium conc. in extracellular fluid?

Answer 10

140 mM

Question 11

Chloride conc. in intracellular fluid?

Answer 11

5 mM

Question 12

Chloride conc. in extracellular fluid?

Answer 12

110 mM

Question 13

What ions are critical for action potential initiation?

Answer 13

Potassium and chloride

Question 14

What structures define each cell and control substance movement?

Answer 14

Lipid bilayer membranes

Question 15

What do cells determine?

Answer 15

Basic biological function

Question 16

What does the cell membrane do?

Answer 16

Give structure

Physical barrier - separates intracellular fluids from extracellular fluids

Question 17

Why is the cell membrane dynamic?

Answer 17

To allow controlled movement of water and solutes across membrane

Question 18

What may membrane proteins be?

Answer 18

Integral

Peripheral

Lipid anchored

Question 19

What may transport through the membrane be?

Answer 19

Restricted

Free

Permitted under certain conditions

Question 20

Composition of protein in cell membrane:

Answer 20

55%

Question 21

Composition of phospholipid in cell membrane:

Answer 21

25%

Question 22

Composition of cholesterol in cell membrane:

Answer 22

13%

Question 23

Composition of other lipids4% in cell membrane:

Answer 23

4%

Question 24

Composition of carbohydrate in cell membrane:

Answer 24

3%

Question 25

What are the different membrane lipids?

Answer 25

Phospholipids Spingolipids Cholesterol

Question 26

What do phospholipids form?

Answer 26

Basic hydrophobic-hydrophilic bilayer

Question 27

What are spingolipids?

Answer 27

Contain amino alcohols + have hydrophilic-hydrophobic characters

Question 28

What is cholesterol?

Answer 28

Dissolved in membrane + contributes to fluidity

Question 29

What are membrane proteins like?

Answer 29

Mainly glycoproteins Transporters - move substances against conc. gradient Receptors for water soluble chemicals Channels

Question 30

What are channel proteins?

Answer 30

Watery spaces through molecule - allow free movement of water + molecules + ions

Question 31

What are carrier proteins?

Answer 31

Bind to molecules/ions and move them through protein to cross bilateral

Question 32

Characteristics of channel and carrier proteins:

Answer 32

Selective

Question 33

What does passive membrane transport involve?

Answer 33

Down conc. gradient No energy

Question 34

What does active membrane transport involve?

Answer 34

Against conc. gradient Requires energy

Question 35

What’s primary active transport?

Answer 35

Uses energy source directly

Question 36

What is secondary active transport?

Answer 36

Indirect use of energy source

Question 37

What can rate of transport be influenced by?

Answer 37

Concentration Electrical potential Pressure

Question 38

How does concentration influence rate of transport?

Answer 38

Net diffusion rate into cell is proportional to concentration on outside minus concentration on inside

Question 39

How does electrode potential effect rate of transport?

Answer 39

Electrode potential drives movement of ions to opposite poles, even against concentration gradient E.g. negative ions move to more positive side

Question 40

How does pressure difference effect rate of transport?

Answer 40

Pressure differences increase forces of molecular motion + diffusion Increased energy causes net increase in movement from high pressure to low pressure

Question 41

What is the permeability co-efficient of a solute?

Answer 41

The rate of movement calculated in cm/sec Affects rate of diffusion

Question 42

Where does water diffuse?

Answer 42

Diffuses from low solute conc. to high solute conc.

Question 43

What is osmotic pressure measured in?

Answer 43

mmHg

Question 44

What is the membrane like in osmosis?

Answer 44

Selectively permeable

Question 45

What’s tonicity?

Answer 45

Mechanical effects on cell caused by placing in solution of impermeant osmotically active particles