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Week 7 - 12 > Gastrulation > Flashcards

Gastrulation Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

What essentially is gastrulation?

A

Two layers become three

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2
Q

What does a bi-laminar disc consist of?

A

Epiblast and Hypoblast

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3
Q

When does gastrulation start?

A

Beginning of week 3

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4
Q

What happens at the beginning of gastrulation?

A

Groove and pit form on epiblast along head-tail axis

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5
Q

What is the groove in epiblast?

A

Primitive streak

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6
Q

What is the pit on epiblast?

A

Primitive pit and primitive node

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7
Q

What defines anterior pole of embryo?

A

Anterior visceral endoderm of hypoblast (a.k.a. Anterior hypoblast)

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8
Q

What happens to epiblast cells at beginning of gastrulation?

A

They divide and stream into embryo from primitive streak/node

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9
Q

How does endoderm start to form in gastrulation?

A

Some migrating epiblast cells start to replace hypoblast

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10
Q

How does mesoderm form in gastrulation?

A

Other epiblast cells spread between two layers (epiblast and hypoblast)

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11
Q

What is the notochord?

A

Specialised rod shaped mesoderm structure

In front of the primitive node at nose-end

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12
Q

What does the notochord form between?

A

Form between two layers (epiblast and hypoblast) from streams of epiblast cells

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13
Q

What does epiblast become in gastrulation?

A

Endoderm

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14
Q

What is the notochord important for?

A

Signalling - to direct development of nervous system

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15
Q

What’s neurulation?

A

Formation of nervous system

Formation of tube from dorsal ectoderm

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16
Q

What does the primitive node/notochord organise in neural action?

A

Dorsal structures

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17
Q

What develops in neural action?

A

Node and notochord release factors that block BMP - drives formation of skin and back/neural tissue

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18
Q

What factors do node and notochord release in neural action?

A

Chordin

Noggin

Follistatin

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19
Q

What does BMP stand for?

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A

Bone morphogenic proteins

20
Q

What cells give rise to notochord?

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A

Transplanting node cells

21
Q

What’s neurulation induced by?

22
Q

What happens to epithelial cells in neurulation?

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A

Become columnar over neural plate

23
Q

What happens to neural plate in neurulation?

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A

Converts to groove and then a tube

24
Q

What can be seen on day 20-21 (neurulation)?

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A

Cells on plate edge have thickened to form neural folds and neural groove

25
What happens on day 22 (neurulation)?
Edges roll over and cells fuse to make a tunnel = neural tube Actin constricts on apex surface of cells to allow tube to form
26
What happens on day 25 (neurulation)?
Closure of rostral neuropore (nose direction)
27
What happens on day 27 (neurulation)?
Closure of Caudal neuropore (tail direction)
28
What pore will form brain?
Rostral neuropore
29
WHat pore will form spinal region?
Caudal neuropore
30
What forms the neural crest?
Specialised cells that have migrated away from the neural tube epithelium
31
WHat do neural crest cells produce?
Variety of cell types
32
What essentially is the mesoderm?
Cells that lie between hypoblast and epiblast (third layer)
33
What happens to cells tha remain in epiblast?
Become ectoderm
34
WHat are the 3 elements to mesoderm?
Paraxial mesoderm Intermediate mesoderm Lateral plate mesoderm
35
What happens when paraxial mesoderm becomes segmented?
Somites form via clock and wavefront model
36
What happens when a wave of FGF signal passes along the embryo?
Cells along paraxial mesoderm are programmed to change into part of a somite
37
What happens if the wave passes cells early in clock cycle?
Become front end of segment
38
What happens if the wave passes cells late in clock cycle?
Become tail end of segment
39
Derivatives of paraxial mesoderm:
Somite divides into sclerotome, myotome and dermatome
40
What structures does paraxial mesoderm form?
Axial skeletal structures Skeletal muscle Dermis (dorsal trunk)
41
Derivatives of intermediate mesoderm:
Kidney and gonads
42
What structures does intermediate mesoderm form?
Kidney Urogenital structures Gonads
43
Derivatives of lateral plate mesoderm:
Splanchnic and somatic
44
What structures does lateral plate mesoderm give rise to?
Heart Blood vessels + blood Limbs Spleen
45
Derivatives of midline mesoderm:
Prechordal mesoderm Notochord
46
What structures does midline mesoderm give rise to?
Future site of mouth
47
What connects yolk sac to gut in endoderm?
Vitelline duct

Week 7 - 12 (38 decks)

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