body fluids

Question 1

what are the three types of body fluids?

Answer 1

intracellular, interstitial, and blood plasma

Question 2

where does intracellular reside?

Answer 2

inside the cells

Question 3

where does interstitial fluid reside?

Answer 3

between the cells, not including the blood

Question 4

what is the anion in intracellular fluid

Answer 4

hydrogen phosphate

Question 5

what is the cation for intracellular fluid?

Answer 5

potassium K+

Question 6

what is the anion for interstitial fluid?

Answer 6

chloride

Question 7

what is the cation for interstitial fluid?

Answer 7

sodium

Question 8

how to transfer oxygen

Answer 8

breathe in, gets attached to hemoglobin (in RBC), transferred out to the cells

Question 9

how much oxygen does an adult need?

Answer 9

350 mL of oxygen per minute

Question 10

how much oxygen is carried by RBC and what is it called

Answer 10

98%, oxyhemoglobin

Question 11

what is nonoxygenated hemoglobin called?

Answer 11

deyoxyhemoglobin or hemoglobin

Question 12

why can we transport SOME CO2?

Answer 12

majority has to occur due to Le Chatelier’s principle

Question 13

how much total CO2 is in the body, carried from body tissues to the lungs? what is the form called?

Answer 13

25%, carbaminohemoglobin

Question 14

what do we use to transfer CO2?

Answer 14

bicarbonate

Question 15

where does the majority of CO2 (75%) that is exhaled to be formed through?

Answer 15

carbonic and hydrase enzyme

Question 16

for CO2 to be exhaled, what is need for that to occur?

Answer 16

carbonic acid molecule

Question 17

how is carbonic molecule created when CO2 is exhaled?

Answer 17

bicarbonate moves in through blood and H+ ion forms carbonic acid

Question 18

what are the two ends of a capillary

Answer 18

venous and arterial

Question 19

what is osmosis?

Answer 19

flow from low concentration to high concentration?

Question 20

what does our body do to overcome osmosis?

Answer 20

it applies a pressure
- overcoming osmotic pressure to flow out of the capillary and into the cell

Question 21

what acts as semipermeable membranes?

Answer 21

capillary membranes and cell walls

Question 22

urine is mostly water with ___

Answer 22

4% dissolved waste products

Question 23

what is a thirst mechanism?

Answer 23

when water intake is regulated

Question 24

what are the two ADH hormones that is involved in maintaining electrolyte and fluid balance?

Answer 24

vasopressin and aldosterone

Question 25

what does aldosterone do?

Answer 25

concentrates urine, retain sodium, minimize fluid loss

Question 26

what happens when fluid levels are low?

Answer 26

thirst drives intake, vasopressin levels rise, and alodosterone is secreted

Question 26

what is the normal blood pH range?

Answer 26

7.35-7.45

Question 27

what is the death pH range?

Answer 27

below 6.8 and above 7.8

Question 28

what are the three systems that maintain pH within the desired range?

Answer 28

buffer, respiratory, urinary

Question 29

what happens when you take deep breaths?

Answer 29

lose CO2, body consumes carbonic acid

Question 30

what is the main buffer system?

Answer 30

bicarbonate buffer system

Question 31

what is urine's buffer system?

Answer 31

hydrogen phosphate

Question 32

buffer for blood

Answer 32

carbonic acid

Question 33

what happens with lower blood pH, higher CO2 levels?

Answer 33

respiratory center is stimulated causing faster & deeper breathing

Question 34

if increased amount of CO2 is exhaled?

Answer 34

decreased blood CO2, increased blood pH

Question 35

more pH is

Answer 35

less acid

Question 35

what is increased blood pH?

Answer 35

alkalosis

Question 35

what causes alkalosis

Answer 35

big, deep heavy breathing -hyperventilating

Question 36

what causes acidosis?

Answer 36

shallow, thin breathing (overdosing in narcs) -hypoventilation

Question 37

with acidic blood, what decreases the urine pH and increases the blood pH to normal?

Answer 37

excretion of acid by the kidneys

Question 38

what does the developing urine pick up? what does it react with?

Answer 38

H+, reacts with the phosphate buffer

Question 39

what happens when blood pH is normal?

Answer 39

a state of acid-base balance exists

Question 40

the biggest piece of buffer

Answer 40

bicarbonate buffer

Question 41

what is metabolic acidosis?

Answer 41

when body produces something acidic (ex: lactic acid)

Question 42

what is metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 42

body as lost acid - body congests something basic.