Lipid metabolism

Question 1

Is lipids high or low density source of energy?

Answer 1

high

Question 2

are lipids water soluble?

Answer 2

NO

Question 3

what quantitiy can fat be stored in the body?

Answer 3

larger quantities

Question 4

fat needs to be ___ to be ___ as it is insoluble in water

Answer 4

transported, metabolized

Question 5

During digestion, what are triglycerides hydrolyzed to?

Answer 5

glycerol, fatty acids, and monoglycerides

Question 6

what are chylomicrons?

Answer 6

lipoprotein aggregates

Question 7

for transport within the aqueous environment of the lymph and blood, ____ are complexed with _____

Answer 7

lipids, proteins

Question 8

where do chylomicrons pass into?

Answer 8

into the lymph system and then into the bloodstream

Question 9

what contains in a chylomicron?

Answer 9

triglycerides, phosphoglycerides, and cholesterol

Question 10

chylomicrons are modified by ___ into smaller lipoprotein particles

Answer 10

liver

Question 11

what is the highest percent molecule in a chylomicron?

Answer 11

triglyceride

Question 12

what is a low density lipoprotein (LDL) mostly made of?

Answer 12

cholesterol

Question 13

highest amount of percent in a high density lipoprotein (HDL)?

Answer 13

protein

Question 14

in a very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), what is the highest amount?

Answer 14

triglyceride

Question 15

what do we have to do to metabolize fat?

Answer 15

mobilize it

Question 16

where does beta oxidation occur in?

Answer 16

mitochondria

Question 17

when fatty acids are required for energy, the endocrine system is stimulated to produce what hormones?

Answer 17

epinephrine

Question 18

what does epinephrine interact with?

Answer 18

adipose tissues

Question 19

what does epinephrine interacting with adipose tissue stimulate?

Answer 19

hydrolysis

Question 20

how to get triglyceride and fatty acids to enter into bloodstream?

Answer 20

hydrolysis

Question 21

how can glycerol be converted to glucose?

Answer 21

through gluconeogenesis

Question 22

what is one of the intermediates of glycolysis?

Answer 22

DHP: dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Question 23

what is the first step in metabolism of fatty acids?

Answer 23

activation of fatty acids with CoA. (requires ATP)

Question 24

what is the second step in metabolism of fatty acids?

Answer 24

B-oxidation of fatty acyl-CoA in the mitochondria

Question 25

how many carbons in a fatty acids?

Answer 25

10-20, always EVEN

Question 26

how many glucose molecules would be equivalent to the # of carbons in an 18 carbon fatty acid?

Answer 26

3

Question 27

how much ATP do we get from a glucose molecule?

Answer 27

32

Question 28

how much do we get from the same # of carbons glucose for ATP energy?

Answer 28

96

Question 29

18 carbons in a fatty acid gives us how much ATP?

Answer 29

120

Question 30

how many acetyl Coa does the last spiral that breaks the final four into how many acetyl CoA?

Answer 30

2 acetyl CoA

Question 31

if body is not very well balanced with carbohydrates, what will it be producing?

Answer 31

ketone bodies

Question 32

what are ketone bodies a bi-product of?

Answer 32

acetly CoA

Question 33

under what conditions does the balance between carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism is lost?

Answer 33

fasting or in diabetes mellitus

Question 34

when the concentration of acetyl CoA INCREASES, what is the excess converted into the liver?

Answer 34

three ketone bodies

Question 35

what are the three ketone bodies converted into the liver?

Answer 35

acetone, acetoacetate, 2-hydroxybutyric acid

Question 36

how can we meet the energy needs?

Answer 36

oxidation

Question 37

what is the elevated level of ketone bodies called?

Answer 37

ketonemia

Question 38

name the presence of ketone bodies in urine

Answer 38

ketonuria

Question 39

condition where acetone if detected in breath?

Answer 39

acetone breath

Question 40

condition where you have ketonemia, ketonuria, and acetone breath all together

Answer 40

ketosis

Question 41

condition of low blood pH due to elevated levels of ketone bodies

Answer 41

ketoacidosis

Question 42

can our body make fatty acid?

Answer 42

yes

Question 43

what happens when you have excess energy in body

Answer 43

body makes saturated fats.

Question 44

what does the fatty acid synthetase system produce?

Answer 44

fatty acids in the cytoplasm producing palmitic acid

Question 45

where does excess nutrients that are converted into fatty acids take place?

Answer 45

liver, adipose tissue, and mammary glands

Question 46

how many carbons do fatty acid chains build up during synthesis?

Answer 46

2 carbons

Question 47

how many carbons do fatty acid chains break down during B-oxidation?

Answer 47

2 carbons