Body Fluids Flashcards

(41 cards)

1
Q

What is the function of water?

A
  • medium for all metabolic processes
  • diffusion of nutrients and waste products
  • solvent
  • homeostasis
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2
Q

What is the consequence of having too little water in the body?

A

Diarrhoea and very low blood pressure - 90/40mmHg

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3
Q

What is the consequence of having too much water in the body?

A

Kidney failure and very high blood pressure- 200/100mmHg

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4
Q

If there was an intake of 2300ml of water, what would it be used for?

A
Ingested= 2100ml
Metabolism= 200ml
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5
Q

If there was an output of 2300ml of water, what would it be used for?

A
Urine= 1400ml
Loss from skin= 350ml
Loss from lungs= 350ml
Faeces= 100ml
Sweat= 100ml
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6
Q

Where can fluid be found inside the body?

A

Inside cells, interstitial fluid or blood plasma

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7
Q

The body is 60% water, how much of that forms the intracellular and extracellular fluid?

A
Intracellular= 40%
Extracellular= 20%
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8
Q

Why is the composition of body fluids in each compartment different?

A

As each compartment has different ions

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9
Q

Which ions does the intracellular compartment contain?

A

Potassium and phosphate ions

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10
Q

Which ions does the interstitium contain?

A

Sodium and chloride ions

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11
Q

Which ions does the blood plasma contain?

A

Sodium and chloride ions

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12
Q

What is the difference between the permeability of the capillary membrane and the plasma membrane?

A

Capillary membrane is more permeable than the plasma membrane. Plasma membrane only allows specific molecules to pass through

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13
Q

Which molecules does the plasma membrane allow through?

A

Sodium, chloride, potassium and phosphate ions

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14
Q

Which ions are found inside and which are found outside of the cell?

A
Inside= potassium and phosphate ions
Outside= sodium and chloride ions
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15
Q

What regulates the concentration of sodium and potassium ions and how?

A

Na+/K+ pump, 3 sodium ions pumped out, 2 potassium ions pumped in

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16
Q

What do fluid movements depend on?

A

Ionic and osmotic pressure and the nature of the barrier

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17
Q

What drives the movement of water in and out of the cell membrane?

A

Osmotic pressure

18
Q

What is the structure of the capillary wall barrier?

A

It has endothelial cells and are separated by semi-permeable pores

19
Q

What drives the movement of water in and out of the capillary wall barrier?

A

Hydrostatic pressure

20
Q

What is the definition of osmosis?

A

The net diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential

21
Q

What is the unit of measurement of osmosis?

22
Q

What does an osmole describe?

A

The concentration of solute particles in a solution

23
Q

What is 1 osmole equal to?

A

1 osmole= 1 mole= 6x10^23 osmotically active particles

24
Q

What is osmolality?

A

Osmole/kg of solvent

25
What is osmolarity?
Osmole/L of solution
26
How can osmolarity be changed?
By changing temperature
27
What is the osmolarity of the different fluid compartments and what does this mean?
The osmolarity is very similar across the 3 fluid compartments This means water can move freely across both types of wall
28
How is osmotic pressure balanced and when does this change?
Osmotic pressure is balanced between intracellular and extracellular fluid This changes when we drink
29
What is the definition of tonicity?
The effect of a solution on the osmotic movement of water
30
What can a solution's osmolality affect?
Cell size
31
What happens when there are rapid changes in serum sodium concentration?
Causes swelling of brain fits resulting in confusion and fits
32
What is a hypotonic soloution and what does it result in?
A hypotonic solution is when there is a higher water potential outside than inside, so water moves into the cell Causes cells to become swollen and eventually start lysing
33
What is a hypertonic soloution and what does it result in?
A hypertonic solution is when there is a higher water potential inside than outside so water moves out of the cell Causes cells to become crenated
34
How is the volume of total body water measured?
Using radioactive water that is distributed in all the compartments
35
How is the volume of extracellular water measured?
Using radioactive insulin that doesn't enter the cells
36
How is the volume of plasma measured?
Using radioactive albumin that stays in the plasma only
37
How is intracellular volume measured?
Total body water - extracellular volume
38
How is interstitial volume measured?
Extracellular volume - plasma volume
39
What does fluid accumulation in the lungs cause?
Shortness of breath
40
What does fluid accumulation in the lower limb cause?
Discomfort
41
What are the causes of oedema?
Increased capillary fluid pressure Decrease in capillary osmotic pressure Leaky membrane which affects the coefficient Blocked lymphatics