Body fluids and compartments

Question 1

water accounts for what percent of body weight

Answer 1

60 to 70%

Question 2

Bodily fluids are divided into what compartments

Answer 2

1. extracellular compartment (20%)
   plasma: 4% bwt
   interstitial fluid 15% bwt
2. intracellular compartment (30-40% bwt)

Question 3

Which components are found in greater concentration in intracellular than in extracellular fluid?

Answer 3

potassium
magnesium
sulfate
phosphates
protein
amino acids
cholesterol
phospholipids
neutral fat

Question 4

What are the predominant cation and anion in extracellular fluid?

Answer 4

Na and Cl

Question 5

Why is Na concentration of plasma greater than that of interstitial fluid and the Cl concentration of interstitial fluid greater than that of plasma?

Answer 5

Donnan effect (the protein anions of plasma tend to attract Na and repel Cl)
- more protein anions in plasma than in interstitial fluid

Question 6

Clinical manifestations of saline excess result from:

Answer 6

extracellular fluid volume overload

-clinical manifestations: edema, hypertension, pulmonary congestion and/or ascites

Question 7

Extracellular fluid volume changes

Answer 7

ICF and ECG osmolarity are approximately equal, plasma osmolarity reflects ICF size

Question 8

Which of the following would most likely cause a decrease in serum NA concentration:
a. hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia
b. isotonic saline infusion
c. a marked elevation in the bun concentration
d.an aldosterone-secreting tumor
e. diabetes insipidus

Answer 8

a. hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia

Question 9

Omsotic pressure

Answer 9

is a colligative property of solution related to the number of osmotically active particles dissolve therein
(other colligative property: boiling point, freezing point, vapor pressure)

Question 10

definition of osmosis

Answer 10

movement of solvent molecules (ie. water molecules) through a semipermeable membrane, from an area of higher to lower solvent concentration (down a concentration gradient)

Question 11

although the osmotic property of a solution is dependent upon the total number of osmotically active particles in that solution, it is independent of

Answer 11

the size of those particles

Question 12

isotonic solution

Answer 12

cells neither shrink or swell (no net movement of water0 when placed into that solution

Question 13

hypotonic solution

Answer 13

net movement of water into the cell

Question 14

hypertonic solution

Answer 14

net movement of water out of the cell

Question 15

What percentage of the circulating blood volume is normally in capillaries at any one time?

Answer 15

5%

-60% is in veins

Question 16

blood normally moves slowly through capillaries at what rate?

Answer 16

0.07 cm/sec at rest

Question 17

The major blood pressure drop in the circulation occurs in:

Answer 17

precapillary resistance vessels (arterioles)

Question 18

The plasma colloid osmotic pressure (approximately 28 mmhg) is caused by:

Answer 18

dissolved protein in plasma (19 mmhg) as well as by cations held in plasma by these negatively charged particles (9 mmHg), which is the so-called Donnan effect

Question 19

Lymph flow is faciltiated by

Answer 19

-movements of skeletal mm
-the suction effect of high velocity flow of blood in veins in which lymphatics terminate
-rhythmic contractions of the walls of large lymph ducts (ie, lymph pump)
-the negative intrathoracic pressure created during inspiration