Body Systems 1-4 Overview

Question 1

There are _____ basic body systems in animals that are responsible for different functions in animal bodies.

Answer 1

Eleven

Question 2

Can you explain what the various body systems in animals exist to do?

Answer 2

They are there to help maintain homeostasis.

Question 3

Define homeostasis.

Answer 3

It is the maintenance of the internal environment of an animal

Question 4

What is the self-regulating process by which biological systems tend to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are optimal for survival

Answer 4

Homeostasis.

Question 5

Due to variability in ________, there is a difference in ability to maintain homeostasis for various animals.

Answer 5

Body systems

Question 6

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 6

Protection,
Sensation,
Communication, and
Thermoregulation

Question 7

What are the layers of the integumentary system?

Answer 7

Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis

Question 8

What are the specializations of the integumentary system?

Answer 8

Cuticle, glands, setae, scales, feathers, hairs, pigments

Question 9

In the integumentary system, the layer epidermis is _____

Answer 9

Always present,
Has an ectodermal origin
Is a type of epithelium tissue

Question 10

In the integumentary system, the layer dermis is _____

Answer 10

Varies in presence,
Mesodermal Origin,
Is a connective tissue.

Question 11

In the integumentary system, the layer hypodermis is _____

Answer 11

Varies in presence,
Mesodermal origin
Is a connective tissue

Question 12

An epithelium hardened by salts, proteins or keratin is called ______

Answer 12

Cuticles

Question 13

Glands do what exactly?

Answer 13

Secretes various chemicals

Question 14

Sweat and milk are examples of ______?

Answer 14

Gland secretions

Question 15

Define setae

Answer 15

Hair-like projections found in Phylum Annelida

Question 16

Scales are ….

Answer 16

Folds of skin often with hard inner cores

Question 17

Keratin appendages found only in birds, apart of the integumentary system

Answer 17

Feathers

Question 18

Keratin appendages found only in mammals, apart of the integumentary system

Answer 18

Hair

Question 19

Pigment types and associated colors

Answer 19

Melanin's--black/brown
Xanthan's--yellow
Carotenoids---red
Cyanin--blue
Leukins--white

Question 20

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 20

Structure–anchor for soft tissue, body shape
Motion–Structure on which muscles can act
Protection–Surrounds vital soft tissues
Physiological–Stores such elements like potassium

Question 21

What are the forms of the skeletal system?

Answer 21

Endoskeleton (e.g. vertebrata) 
Exoskeleton (e.g. Arthropoda)
Hydrostatic skeleton (e.g. Annelida)

Question 22

Skeletal elements covered by soft tissue?

Answer 22

Endoskeleton (e.g. vertebrata)

Question 23

Skeletal elements covering soft tissues?

Answer 23

Exoskeleton (e.g. Arthropoda)

Question 24

Skeleton of fluid-filled sacs that maintain shape through turgor pressure?

Answer 24

Hydrostatic skeleton (e.g. Annelida)

Question 25

Muscular systems functions are _____?

Answer 25

Contraction, movement, and generation of heat

Question 26

What is the by-production of contraction?

Answer 26

The generation of heat

Question 27

By pulling structures together, ______ provide motion needed for most body functions.

Answer 27

Muscles

Question 28

Only pull, never push

Answer 28

Muscles

Question 29

The forms of a muscular system are ______?

Answer 29

``` Skeletal muscles, which are distinct light and dark bands Cardiac muscle (e.g. heart) Smooth muscles (e.g. guts, arteries, intestines) ```

Question 30

STUDY PAGE 65 FOR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SKELETAL MUSCLES (IMAGES)

Answer 30

STUDY PAGE 65 FOR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SKELETAL MUSCLES (IMAGES)

Question 31

What are the functions for the digestive system?

Answer 31

``` Food procurement Mechanical/physical breakdown Chemical breakdown Absorption Additional processing ```

Question 32

What are the forms of the digestive system?

Answer 32

Complete (through) gut | Incomplete (blind) gut

Question 33

A digestive system with both mouth and anus

Answer 33

Complete gut (e.g. Vertebrata)

Question 34

A digestive system with only one opening

Answer 34

Incomplete gut

Question 35

Basic feeding type that captures drifting particles with a mechanism like a net.

Answer 35

Filter/Suspension feeding

Question 36

Define detritivore feeding

Answer 36

Organics and inorganics are ingested, organics are removed, and poop is clean of food supply

Question 37

Heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming detritus (decomposing plant and animal parts as well as feces is what type of feeding mechanism?

Answer 37

Detritivore/deisot feeding

Question 38

Differences between herbivore, carnivore, and omnivore?

Answer 38

A herbivore eats a plant diet (like leaves, seeds, grains), a carnivore eats an animal based diet, while the omnivore eats both

Question 39

What is a parasite?

Answer 39

A species that uses another species for food

Question 40

What eats rotting material, like maggots?

Answer 40

Saprozoite

Question 41

Saprozoite definition

Answer 41

Any organism that absorbs soluble organic nutrients from inanimate sources

Question 42

Autotrophs eat?

Answer 42

Sunlight

Question 43

What are the mechanical breakdown aspects of the digestive system?

Answer 43

To break down larger food items into smaller pieces to enhance chemical digestion Does NOT break down chemical bonds

Question 44

What digestive system process uses enzymes to break down large molecules into smaller ones?

Answer 44

Chemical breakdown

Question 45

What is absorption mean in the digestive system?

Answer 45

The transport of small molecules from gut to other tissues

Question 46

An additional process of the digestive system would be?

Answer 46

The filtration of molecules to remove toxins.