Subkingdom "Parazoa", Phylum "Porifera"

Question 1

Between which hierarchy of life does the Phylum “Porifera” stop at?

Answer 1

Cells and Tissues, due to sponges not having formed true tissues yet.

Question 2

Kingdom Animalia
Subkingdom “Parazoa”
Phylum “Porifera” include which classes?

Answer 2

Class Calcerea
Class Hexactinellida
Class Demospongiae

Question 3

Cells of the “Porifera” phyla are:

Answer 3

Choanocytes (The feeding cells of the sponge)

Pinacocytes (they form pinacoderm)

Archaeocytes (in the mesohyl)

Question 4

Pinacocytes include:

Answer 4

Porocytes and Myocytes

Question 5

Archaeocytes have five forms in the mesohyl, list them and give examples

Answer 5

Archaeocytes (“Stem” cells)

Sclerocytes (Spicules)

Spongocytes (Spongin)

Collenocytes and Lophocytes (Collagen)

Question 6

Osculum —–> Spongocoel —–> Ostium

Answer 6

Asconoid grade

Question 7

Osculum —–> Spongocoel —–> Apopyle —–> Radial Canal —–>Prosopyle —–> Incurrent Canal —–> Ostium

Answer 7

Syconoid grade

Question 8

Ostium —–> Incurrent Canal —–> Flagellated chamber —–> Incurrent canal —–> -Flagellated chamber —-> Excurrent canal —–> Osculum

Answer 8

Leuconoid grade

Question 9

Asconoid grade moves water:

Answer 9

Water moves slow, and the sponge moves a lot of water without _____??? a lot

Question 10

Synconoid grade moves water:

Answer 10

Water is moved faster through its system than asconoid

Question 11

Leukonoid grade moves water:

Answer 11

in a repeated filtration step process

Question 12

Can live in nutrient poor environments

Answer 12

Leukonoid grade

Question 13

Needs to live in nutrient rich environments

Answer 13

Asconoid grade

Question 14

Lives in areas more devoid of food

Answer 14

Syconoid grade

Question 15

Class Calcerea includes

Answer 15

Calcite sponges (e.g. Sycon ciliatum)

Question 16

Class Hexanctinellida includes

Answer 16

Venus flower baskets (e.g Euplectella asperigillum)

Question 17

Class Demospongiae includes

Answer 17

Demosponges (Spongilla argyrosperma)