Body Systems Flashcards
What is the cellular currency
ATP
Why do cells require energy
To carry out the common metabolic processes that keep them all alive.
To perform their specific functions.
What is used to produce ATP
Oxygen and nutrient molecules which we obtain from food are used to produce this ATP.
Which cells form the basic 4 tissue types of the body.
Muscle, epithelia, nerves & connective tissue.
What is an organ
an organ is a group of tissues acting together to perform a specific function.
How do we get nutrients into our blood
large molecules are digested into smaller ones which are then absorbed into the veins of the small intestine.
How do we deliver nutrients to the cells
Absorbed nutrients first pass in the veins of the GI tract to the liver, venous blood from the liver containing these nutrients then drains back from the heart.
Explain circulation
The heart pumps oxygenated blood into arteries, arteries supply blood to arterioles, arterioles supply blood to capillaries, capillaries drain the blood into venules, venules drain the blood into veins, veins drain blood back towards the heart.
How do we get oxygen into the blood
breathe air in, air travels through respiratory tree, oxygen is transferred by diffusion into the blood through the very thinly walled alveoli covered in capillaries.
How does haemoglobin carry oxygen to the cells
Haemoglobin within red blood cells reversibly binds oxygen in the lungs, the haemoglobin carries the oxygen to the capillary beds where it is released to be delivered to the cells.
How does Oxygen get into cells
At the capillary beds of all tissues and organs, oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse between blood and cells down concentration gradients.
What is lymph fluid
Tissue fluid taken up by lymphatic vessels
How do we excrete waste products
Indigestible foodstuffs pass out of the body via the gastrointestinal tract within faeces. Foreign bodies can drain via lymphatics to lymph nodes.
What is the Integumentary system
The skin - the bodies first line of defence against the external environmental. provides the body with a physical defence against trauma. a waterproof barrier, helps to regulate body temperature, to a degree protects us against UV radiation.
Can lymph nodes usually be palpated
No - lymph nodes fighting infection or being infiltrated by a spreading cancer usually enlarge and can then be palpitated. soft and painful- infection. hard and painless - cancer or worse.
