Body Systems

Question 1

What are the basic structural and functional units in our bodies?

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

What do cells make when they join together?

Answer 2

Tissues

Question 3

What do tissues make when they join together?

Answer 3

Organs

Question 4

What do organs make when they join together?

Answer 4

Systems

Question 5

What is needed to make ATP?

Answer 5

Oxygen and nutrients

Question 6

What are the byproducts of ATP production?

Answer 6

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 7

Name the ten body systems

Answer 7

Cardiovascular
Respiratory
Musculoskeletal
Gastrointestinal
Urinary
Lymphatic
Endocrine
Reproductive
Nervous
Integumentary

Question 8

Why do cells need energy?

Answer 8

For metabolic processes

For their specific function

Question 9

What are the 4 basic tissue types?

Answer 9

Nervous, epithelial, muscle and connective

Question 10

What is a system?

Answer 10

A group of organs with related functions

Question 11

What does the Gastrointesinal (GI) system do?

Answer 11

Break down large molecules into smaller molecules so they can be absorbed by veins in the small intestine

Question 12

Where do veins from the small intestine drain to?

Answer 12

The liver

Question 13

Which organs are associated with the GI system?

Answer 13

pancreas, liver, spleen

Question 14

What is the GI tract?

Answer 14

The continuous tube from the mouth to the anus

Question 15

What does the liver do with nutrients?

Answer 15

Stores them
Turns them into other substances
Returns them to venous blood

Question 16

What does the liver do with dangerous substances?

Answer 16

metabolies/detoxify them

eg alcohol

Question 17

What is the cardiovascular system?

Answer 17

heart and blood vessels

Question 18

Which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood?

Answer 18

left - towards body

Question 19

Which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood?

Answer 19

right - towards lungs

Question 20

Describe the direction of blood flow through the vessels

Answer 20

Heart - artery - arteriole - capillary bed - venule - vein - Heart

Question 21

Describe how oxygen is taken from the air and moved to the body cells

Answer 21

Breathed in through nose
Moves through respiratory tree (the progressively smaller tubes connecting the nose to the alveoli)
Oxygen diffuses through thin walls of alveoli into capillaries
Oxygenated blood pumped to body cells
Oxygen diffuses into cells from capillary beds

Carbon dioxide takes the same path but in a reversed order

Question 22

How is oxygen carried by the blood?

Answer 22

It reversibly binds to haemoglobin

Question 23

What cells are found in the blood?

Answer 23

RBCs
Platelets - involved in clotting
White blood cells - defend the body from infection

Question 24

What is anaemia?

Answer 24

A low level of haemoglobin in the blood

Question 25

What is tissue fluid?

Answer 25

Fluid which has been forced out of the blood by the small size of capillaries which is now in the spaces between cells

Question 26

What is lymph?

Answer 26

Tissue fluid which has been absorbed by a lymphatic vessel

Question 27

What is the major lymphatic vessel in the body?

Answer 27

thoracic duct

Question 28

What does the thoracic duct do?

Answer 28

Carries lymph back to veins in the root of the neck

Question 29

What do carbon dioxide and water form?

Answer 29

Carbonic acid

Question 30

When is lactic acid produced?

Answer 30

During anaerobic respiration

Question 31

How and why are carbonic and lactic acid removed from the body?

Answer 31

Carbonic - respiratory system removes CO2 so it cannot be formed Lactic - renal system excretes it This ensures the pH of the body is kept withing a narrow range

Question 32

What kinds of waste do we produce?

Answer 32

``` Cellular debris Indigestible foodstuffs Bacteria Commensals Pathogens Drugs Passed in faeces or urine ``` Foreign bodies - atmospheric carbon, microorganisms, cancer cells Drained to lymph nodes

Question 33

What is the integumentary system and what is it's function?

Answer 33

The skin - acts as a barrier towards external environment provides physical protection, waterproof, aids in the control of body temperature, protects a little from UV radiation

Question 34

Can lymph nodes be palpated?

Answer 34

Not normally, but they can be when enlarged when they are actively fighting against infection/ cancer

Question 35

Name the discrete areas of lymphatic tissue within the body

Answer 35

Tonsils, Spleen, Parts of GI tract | These areas help to identify and stop pathogens

Question 36

What does the nervous system allow us to do?

Answer 36

Sense our external and internal environment and put an appropriate response into action

Question 37

What are the three parts of the nervous system?

Answer 37

Sensory Motor CNS

Question 38

Name seven endocrine glands

Answer 38

``` Thyroid and Parathyroid Adrenal Pituitary Ovary and Testis Pancreas ```

Question 39

What do the endocrine glands do?

Answer 39

Secrete hormones into capillary blood

Question 40

Why are the musculoskeletal and nervous system linked?

Answer 40

Skeletal muscles must receive a signal from a motor nerve in order to contract

Question 41

What does the musculoskeletal system do?

Answer 41

enables the lungs to inhale and exhale air enables body to move which allows organism to seek out and ingest food/water allows organism to physically escape dangerous situations

Question 42

What does the reproductive system do?

Answer 42

Ensures the survival of the species beyond individual members

Question 43

What does VINDICATEM stand for?

Answer 43

``` Vascular Infectious/inflammatory Neoplastic Drugs/toxins Intervention/iatrogenic Congenital/developmental Autoimmune Trauma Endocrine Metabolic ```