Body Systems (A3)

Question 1

what are the 4 basic tissue types of the body?

Answer 1

muscle, epithelia, connective tissue, nerves

Question 2

breakdown of body systems

Answer 2

4 basic tissue types -> organs(group of tissues acting together to perform specific function/s) -> systems (collection of organs that perform related functions and interact to accomplish a common goal essential for survival)

Question 3

Where are molecules first absorbed following breakdown from large molecules (proteins, fats and carbs) into smaller molecules?

Answer 3

veins/lymphatic vessels of the small intestine

Question 4

what is the route of the venous blood which is absorbed in GI tract( eg absorbed in the small intestine)?

Answer 4

drains to liver first (stores nutrients, makes other products from them or returns them to venous syst) The liver metabolises(breakdown to produce energy) or detoxifies pot. harmful substances before returning them to the blood and delivering them to the heart to be pumped into arteries and carried to tissues/organs of the body

Question 5

difference in function of left and right side of heart?

Answer 5

right side pumps venous (deoxygenated) blood to lungs; left side pumps arterial (oxygenated) blood to all other tissues/organs

Question 6

connection between arteries and veins

Answer 6

arteries -> arterioles -> capillaries -> venules -> veins

Question 7

what occurs at the capillary bed?

Answer 7

passage of nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of the cells from the blood

Question 8

Entry of oxygen into blood

Answer 8

travels down respiratory tree to alveoli in lungs covered in thin walled capillaries- oxygen can transfer into blood by diffusion and return to heart to be pumped around the body and carbon dioxide can diffuse from blood to alveoli to be breathed out

Question 9

What are the 3 important components within the blood?

Answer 9

red blood cells (bind to oxygen and carry it within body), platelets (blood clotting) and white blood cells (immune function/fighting infection)

Question 10

what is the major lymphatic vessel in the body?

Answer 10

thoracic duct (returns lymph to the large veins in the neck)

Question 11

what is lymph?

Answer 11

excess tissue fluid that is squeezed out of the capillaries into the extracellular spaces is called lymph once taken up by lymphatic vessels

Question 12

what systems remove carbon dioxide and acids from the body?

Answer 12

respiratory and renal (renal system excretes acids slowly compared to the respiratory systems fast removal of carbon dioxide)

Question 13

what waste ‘stuff’ passes out the body via faeces?

Answer 13

cellular debris that has shed from Gi tract, indigestible foodstuffs, Gi tract bacteria, commensal (unharmful bacteria), pathogens, indigested drugs which are deactivated in the liver (can also pass via urine)

Question 14

benefits of skin

Answer 14

physical defence against trauma, waterproof barrier, body temp regulation, UV radiation protection

Question 15

what waste products does the lymphatic system drain?

Answer 15

inhaled atmospheric carbon particles, microorganisms, cancer cells

Question 16

importance of lymph nodes?

Answer 16

when fighting infection or being infiltrated by spreading cancer, lymph nodes enlarge and can be palpable therefore have clinical significance

Question 17

what are the discreete areas of lymphatic tissue?

Answer 17

tonsils at back of nose/tongue/mouth, spleen, Gi tract associated lymphoid tissue in the walls of the intestines (assist in the identification/ destruction of invading pathogens)

Question 18

3 parts of nervous system?

Answer 18

sensory part, motor (responsive) part, and central connections (in brain or spinal cord) between the two

Question 19

central nervous system components?

Answer 19

brain and spinal cord

Question 20

peripheral nervous system?

Answer 20

all other parts of nerve structures in the body located elsewhere (not in brain/spinal cord)

Question 21

Description of edocrine system

Answer 21

made up of endocrine glands that secrete hormones directly into their capillary blood to regulate crucial physiological processes- only internal, nervous system is internal and external

Question 22

importance of musculoskeletal system in protection?

Answer 22

allows us to breathe and provides locomotion in life threatening situations

Question 23

importance of reproductive system?

Answer 23

ensures survival of species rather than survival of individual

Question 24

what 3 organs make up the Gi tract?

Answer 24

liver, spleen, pancreas