what passes through foramens (december revision)

Question 1

anterior ethmoidal foramen

Answer 1

• anterior ethmoidal nerve

- anterior ethmoidal artery

Question 2

carotid canal

Answer 2

internal carotid artery

Question 3

condylar canal (posterior)

Answer 3

• meningeal branch of occipital artery

- emissary vein connecting sigmoid sinus and occipital veins

Question 4

cribiform plate

Answer 4

• olfactory nerve (CNI)

- anterior ethmoidal nerve

Question 5

facial canal

Answer 5

-facial nerve (CNVII)

Question 6

foramen caecum

Answer 6

-emissary veins connecting nose and superior sagittal sinus

Question 7

foramen lacerum

Answer 7

-greater petrosal nerve, also internal carotid runs into it at the back

Question 8

foramen magnum

Answer 8

accessory nerve (CNXI)

Question 9

foramen ovale

Answer 9

• trigeminal nerve (CNVc)
• nervus spinosus (CNVc)
• lesser petrosal nerve
• accessory meningeal artery

Question 10

foramen rotundum

Answer 10

-trigeminal nerve (CN Vb)

Question 11

foramen spinosum

Answer 11

• nervus spinosus (CNVc)

- middle meningeal artery

Question 12

foramen transversium

Answer 12

• vertebral artery and vein (in C1-C6)

- vein only in C7

Question 13

greater palatine foramen

Answer 13

• greater palatine nerve (CN Vb)
• lateral posterior, inferior nasal nerve (CN Vb)
• greater palatine artery and vein

Question 14

hypoglossal canal (anterior)

Answer 14

hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)

Question 15

incisive fossa (canal and foramen are included)

Answer 15

• nasopalatine nerve

- greater palatine artery and vein

Question 16

inferior alveolar foramen and canal

Answer 16

• inferior alveolar nerve (CN Vc)

- inferior alveolar artery

Question 17

inferior orbital fissure

Answer 17

• infra-orbital nerve (CN Vb)
• middle superior alveolar nerve (CN Vb)
• anterior superior alveolar (CN Vb)

Question 18

infra-orbital foramen (canal included)

Answer 18

• infra-orbital nerve (CN Vb)

- infra-orbital artery

Question 19

internal acoustic meatus

Answer 19

• facial nerve (CN VII)

- vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

Question 20

intervertebral foramen

Answer 20

• spinal artery and vein
• dorsal root ganglion
• spinal nerves

Question 21

jugular foramen

Answer 21

• glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)
• vagus nerve (CN X)
• recurrent laryngeal (CN X)
• accessory nerve (CNXI)
• internal jugular vein

Question 22

lesser palatine foramen

Answer 22

-lesser palatine artery

Question 23

mastoid foramen

Answer 23

• emissary vein

- meningeal branch of occipital artery

Question 24

mental foramen

Answer 24

-mental nerve (CN Vc)

Question 25

nasolacrimal canal

Answer 25

-nasolacrimal duct

Question 26

nasal cartilage

Answer 26

-anterior ethmoidal nerve

Question 27

optic canal

Answer 27

optic nerve (CN II)

Question 28

palatovaginal canal

Answer 28

- pharyngeal nerve (CN Vn) | - pharyngeal artery

Question 29

petrosquamous fissure

Answer 29

no structures

Question 30

petrotympanic fissure

Answer 30

chorda tympani

Question 31

posterior ethmoidal foramen

Answer 31

- posterior ethmoidal nerve | - posterior ethmoidal artery

Question 32

pterygoid canal

Answer 32

-nerve and artery of pterygoid canal

Question 33

pterygomaxillary fissure

Answer 33

posterior superior alveolar nerve (CNVb)

Question 34

sphenoidal foramen

Answer 34

emissary vein connecting cavernous sinus and pterygoid plexus

Question 35

sphenopalatine foramen

Answer 35

- nasopalatine nerve (CN Vb) - posterior superior nasal nerve (CN Vb) - sphenopalatine artery

Question 36

squamotympanic fissure

Answer 36

deep auricular branch of maxillary artery

Question 37

stylomastoid foramen

Answer 37

posterior auricular nerve (CNVII)

Question 38

superior orbital fissure

Answer 38

- oculomotor nerve (CNIII) - trochlear nerve (CNIV) - frontal nerve (CNVa) - lacrimal nerve (CNVa) - nasocilliary (CN Va) - abducens nerve (CNVI)

Question 39

supraorbital notch

Answer 39

frontal nerve (CNVa)

Question 40

vertebral foramen

Answer 40

- spinal cord/cauda equira - dura, arachnoid and pia mater - cerebrospinal fluid - internal vertebral venous plexus - spinal arteries

Question 41

vomervaginal foramen

Answer 41

pharyngeal branch of sphenopalatine artery

Question 42

zygomaticofacial foramen

Answer 42

zygomaticofacial nerve and artery and vein

Question 43

zygomatico-orbital foramen

Answer 43

zygomatic branch of maxillary nerve (CN Vb)

Question 44

zygomaticotemporal foramen

Answer 44

zygomaticotemporal nerve and artery and vein