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Chem > Bonding > Flashcards

Bonding Flashcards

1
Q

2 main types of bonding in compounds

A

Ionic
Covalent

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2
Q

sulfate ion

A

SO4^2-

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3
Q

hydroxide ion

A

OH-

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4
Q

nitrate ion

A

NO3- (3 IS below)

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5
Q

carbonate ion

A

CO3 ^2-

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6
Q

ammonium ion

A

NH4^+

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7
Q

what struc does sodium chloride have

A

giant ionic lattice

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8
Q

Sodium azide has a high melting point.
Predict the type of bonding in a crystal of sodium azide.
Suggest why its melting point is high.

A

Ionic
Oppositely charged ions / Na+
and N3 ions
Strong attraction between (oppositely charged) ions / lots of energy needed to
overcome (strong) attractions (between ions) - mark scheme ans

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9
Q

3 features of ionic compounds

A

1) conduct electrivcity when molten or dissolved - free moving ions that can carry charge
2) ionic compound have high melting points - strong electrostatic attraction bet oppositely charged ions that take alot of energy to overcome
3)ionic compounds tend to dissolve in water - water mol are polar
charged parts pull ions away from lattice

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10
Q

what is covalent bonding

A

atoms have a shared pair of electrons

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11
Q

what struc has huge network of covalently bonded atoms

A

giant covalent stuc
macromolecular struc

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12
Q

What is a dative covalent bond?

A

2 electrons are donated from one atom to another / a lone pair of electrons rather than one from each

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13
Q

2 types of covalent structures

A

Simple molecular I simple covalent
Macro molecular/giant covalent structures

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14
Q

Examples of simple covalent

A

Co2 Ch4 Cl2

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15
Q

What is broken when boiling covalent structures

A

IMF’s not the strong covalent bonds

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16
Q

Examples of giant covalent struc

A

Diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide

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17
Q

Describe diamonds structure and its properties

A

Each carbon atoms makes 4 bonds sono free electrons to form used of delocalised electrons to carry charge or conduct electricity thus diamond cannot conduct.
Diamond is hard with a high melting point due to strong covalent bands that take a lot of energy to break
Diamond is insoluble in water

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18
Q

Describe graphite structure and its properties

A

Giant covalent structure
Can conduct electricity as each carbon atom makes 3 bonds so there is one free delocalised electron per carbon atom forming sea of delocalised elections that can more throughout structure and conduct electricity.
Graphite is soft BCD weak IMF’s I vow between layers d’atoms allowing them to slide over eachother
Has high melting point due to strong covalent bands within mol

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19
Q

Where are covalent bands and times found

A

Covalent - within
IMF’s found between

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20
Q

What is metallic banding ?

A

Lattice of positive ions surrounded by sea of delocalised_ electrons
There are electrostatic attractions

21
Q

Properties of metals

A

Good conductors due to sea of delocalised electrons
High melting and boiling point do to strong bands due to strong attraction

22
Q

Properties of metals going down a group

A

Usually looking @ groups 123 - all ions have same charge so this factor not important instead looking at increasing atomic radius so delocalised e-further away from metalions so weaker attraction = weaker metallic bond and so lower boiling point

23
Q

Properties of metals across a period

A

Increase in melting point due to increasing charge so stronger attraction between the positive ions and e-so stronger metallic bonds so higher melting point

24
Q

Why does boron trichlovide have tribunal planar shape?

A

3 bonds that repel equally to get as for away from eachother as possible lo minimise repulsion.

25
Q

2BP?

A

Linear 180°

26
Q

3BP

A

trigonal planar 120°

27
Q

4 bp

A

Tetrahedral 109.5°

28
Q

2 bp +2LP

A

Bent/v -shaped 104. 5°

29
Q

3BP + one lp

A

Trigonal pyramidal 107.5°

30
Q

5 bp

A

Tribunal bipyramidal 120° + 90°

31
Q

6 bp

A

Octahedral 90°

32
Q

4BP+2LP

A

Square planar 90°

33
Q

4BP and one lone pair

A

See- saw 102° +87°

34
Q

3 bp t2LP

A

T-shaped 88°

35
Q

How to find shape of mol

A

Determine group no of central. Add one to it for each band it makes. Add one for each negative charge and subtract are for each positive charge. Men divide by 2 to give you number of banding pairs.

36
Q

Order of now much lone pairs t banding pairs repel

A

Lone pair 2x) then /lp + 1BP then 2 bp

37
Q

Define electronegativty

A

Power of an atom to attract banding pair A electrons in covalent bond

38
Q

How is polar band formed in h-cl band

A

Chlorine is mare electronic so attracts banding pair of electrons more strongly giving it a deltanegative charge whilst hydrogen has delta positive. Creates a dipole.

39
Q

When can something with dipole not be polar

A

Dipoles cancel out due to symmetrical bonds

40
Q

3 things that determine it polar on non polar.

A

If it has delta neg t pos charge = polar
Lone pair = polar
all same atom on outside than nan polar

41
Q

3 types of intermole ocular forces from highest to lowest strength

A

Hydrogen bonding
Dipole-dipole interactions (permanent)
Van her walls

42
Q

Describe vdw

A

All mol have this IMF
E more within e-cloud e same point there will be more e-on one side than the other creating , induced temporary dipole
Dipole influences another nearby mol inducing a dipole in that
Dipoles only temporary bc e are constantly moving

43
Q

What molecules * only * contain van her Walls

A

Non polar

44
Q

Boiling points and van den walls

A

Increaesd molecular weight = increased e = stronger V

45
Q

Van her walls in hydrocarbons

A

1) chain length increase means more e- so stronger van so higher bp
2) branching of 2 alkanes with same molecular weight, branching decreases chairs length so lower electron su weaker van per Walls so less ar surface areal points of contact

46
Q

Describe permanent dipole

A

Eg band h-cl
Large difference in electronegativity

47
Q

Hydrogen banding occurs between hydrogen and…

A

Nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine

48
Q

Solubility of non polar and polar mo)

A

Polar mol dissolve in polar solvents and non polar md dissolve in non polar solvents
Bc mol dissolved has to form intermolecular forces with solvent, if these stranger than forces broken it will be dissolved su

49
Q

A mol can dissolve in water it…

A

It is able to form hydrogen bonds with it.

Chem (15 decks)

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