Bonding

Question 1

Explain how a sodium atom turns into a sodium ion

Answer 1

Sodium atom loses electrons

From the outer electron

Gains a positive charge

Question 2

Explain why ions in a lattice structure of chloride and sodium ions stay in place

Answer 2

Sodium ions have a positive charge and chloride ions have a negative charge

Ions with opposite charge are attracted to each other

Ions are arranged alternatively in each direction

Question 3

Why are Chloride ions are strongly attracted to sodium ions in sodium chloride

Answer 3

Opposite charged ions attract each other because chloride ions are negative and sodium ions are positive

Question 4

Explain why chloride and sodium ions in a lattice structure stay in place.

Answer 4

Sodium ions have a positive charge and chloride ions have a negative charge

Ions with opposite charge are attracted or positive sodium ions attract negative chloride ions

Ions arranged alternatively in each direction

Question 5

Compare the properties of copper and graphite to decide which material would be better for making a wire,

Answer 5

Both can conduct electricity
Both have high melting points

Graphite is softer and slippery
Graphite is more brittle

Copper is more ductile
Copper is Malleable
Capper is not brittle

In conclusion, copper more suitable as it’s more ductile than graphene

Question 6

Why does liquid iodine not conduct electricity

Answer 6

Iodine has no delocalised electrons

So iodine has no ions

Therefore can’t carry charge

Question 7

Give properties ionic compounds

Answer 7

High melting point

Can’t conduct electricity when solid

Carry charge when dissolved

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction

Question 8

Compare and explain the bonding and properties of diamond and graphite

Answer 8

Both made from carbon
Diamond has 4 strong covalent bonds
Graphite has 3 strong covalent bonds
Graphite is arranged in layers and have weak intermolecular forces

Both require lots of energy to break bonds so they have high mp

Diamond can’t conduct electricity as no delocalised electrons
Graphite conduct electricity as many delocalised electrons

Diamond is hard and strong
Graphite soft and slippery

Question 9

Explain why alloys are harder to than pure metals

Answer 9

Alloys have different sized atoms

This breaks the regular lattice structure

So it’s more difficult for layers of ions to slide over each other

Question 10

Explain why you would not expect titanium chloride to be a liquid at room temp.

Answer 10

Titanium chlorine is an ionic compound

Have high melting points

Strong bonds between ions

Won’t break bonds at room temp