Bonding

Question 1

Ionic bonding

Answer 1

1. electrostatic attraction
2. between oppositely charged ions

Question 2

Covalent bond

Answer 2

1. electrostatic attraction
2. between shared pair of electrons
3. and nuclei of bonded atoms

Question 3

Ionic lattice mpt

Answer 3

1. electrostatic forces acting in all directions
2. lots of energy required to overcome bonds
3. high mpt and bpt

Question 4

Ionic lattice conduction

Answer 4

1. solid- ions held in fixed position
2. no mobile charge carriers
3. liquid- ions are mobile
4. able to conduct

Question 5

Ionic lattice solubility

Answer 5

1. greater the ionic charge the less soluble an ionic compound
2. water can overcome ionic bonds
3. attracted to polar ions

Question 6

Dative covalent bond

Answer 6

1. one atoms donates lone pair of electrons
2. electrostatic attraction between shared pair of electrons
3. and nuclei of bonded atoms

Question 7

Draw N2

Answer 7

1. triple bond between
2. lone pair on each

Question 8

Draw H2CO

Answer 8

1. double bond between CO
2. single between CH

Question 9

Draw NH3BF3

Answer 9

1. dative bond between N and B

Question 10

Draw NH4+

Answer 10

1. dative covalent bond
2. 1+ charge

Question 11

Simple molecular mpt and bpt

Answer 11

1. only have induced dipole-dipole forces
2. weak
3. require little energy to overcome
4. low mpt and bpt

Question 12

Simple molecular conduction

Answer 12

1. no mobile charge carrier, ions or electrons
2. can’t carry charge

Question 13

Simple molecular solubility

Answer 13

soluble in non-polar solvents

Question 14

Giant covalent structure examples

Answer 14

1. Si8
2. graphite
3. diamond
4. graphene
5. silicon dioxide SiO2

Question 15

Giant covalent mpt and bpt

Answer 15

1. high
2. large number of covalent bonds
3. large amount of energy to overcome

Question 16

Giant covalent conductivity

Answer 16

1. graphite and graphene can
2. delocalised electrons
3. free to carry charge

Question 17

Electron pair repulsion theory

Answer 17

1. electron pair repel each other round the central atom
2. depends on number and type of pairs
3. lone pairs repel more than bonded

Question 18

Two bonded pairs

Answer 18

linear
180°

Question 19

Three bonded pairs

Answer 19

Trigonal planar
120°

Question 20

Four bonded pairs

Answer 20

Tetrahedral
109.5°

Question 21

Five bonded pairs

Answer 21

Trigonal bipyramidal
120° and 90°

Question 22

Six bonded pairs

Answer 22

90°

Question 23

2 bonded pairs and 1 lone pairs

Answer 23

trigonal pyramidal
107°

Question 24

2 bonded pairs and 2 lone pairs

Answer 24

angular(bent)
104.5°

Question 25

Metallic bond

Answer 25

electrostatic attraction between delocalised electrons and positive metal cations

Question 26

Metallic lattice mpt and bpt

Answer 26

1. strong metallic bonds 2. requires lots of energy to overcome 3. very high mpt and bpt

Question 27

Metallic lattice conductivity

Answer 27

1. sea of delocalised electrons 2. free to carry charge

Question 28

Metallic properties

Answer 28

1. malleable- non directional and exists in all directions 2. ductile- independent of shape

Question 29

Electronegativity

Answer 29

ability of an atom of an element to attract the shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond

Question 30

Induced dipole-dipole interactions

Answer 30

1. movement of electrons generates instantaneous dipole 2. dipole induces others in neighbouring atoms 3. generates weak temporary forces of attraction

Question 31

Hydrogen bonding

Answer 31

1. strong electrostatic attraction between polar molecules 2. contain hydrogen 3. covalently bonded to F,O and N 4. have high electronegativity

Question 32

Draw hydrogen bonding in water

Question 33

Water properties

Answer 33

1. ice is less dense than water(interlocking hexagonal rings) 2. high mpt and bpt