Bonding Flashcards
Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons from a _____element to a ______element
Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons from a metallic element to a non-metallic element
which atoms gain electrons and which lose it
metals lose e-
non metals gain e-
what are the electron configurations the same as when they are ions
noble gases
diagram for ion dot cross
brackets
charge at top leaft
outer shell e-
dots for other ion
ionic bond
electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
strong so requires lots of energy to overcome
structure
giant ionic lattice regular repeating pattern
therefore attraction is occurring in all directions
final lattice is neutral
ionic radius
measure of the size of an ion
ionic radii pattern
increases with increasing negative charge
therefore decreases with increasing positive charge
negative ions formed by gaining electrons affect on ionic radius
outermost e- are further away so therefore only held weakly to the nucleus , increasing ionic radius
positive ions formed byy losing e- affectonnuclearchargeandionicradius
nuclear charge stays same but fewer e- to undergo a greater electrostatic force of attraction which decreases ionic radius
isoelectronic
ions with the same electronic configuration yet a different number of protons
leading to different sizes of ions
type of lattice formed depends on
sizes of the positive and negative ions which are arranged in an alternating fashion
high melting point of ionic
strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions which requires lots of energy to overcome
the greater the ionic charge
the greater the melting point
electrical conductivity of ionic
no free flowing charged particles which would usually carry the charge between uions.
can conduct in a solution or molten as ions can move and carry charge
solubility ionic
are soluble as are polar molecules (when put in polar solution)
when in solution the negative ion in compund bonds to the positive in solution and the opposite.
solubility depends on the relative strength of electrostatic forces of attraction within lattice
evidence for existence of ions
electrolysis
copper chromate in electrolysis
blue at negative elctrode cu at - which are blue
yellow at positive electrode CrO4 at positive and their ions are yellow
bond energy
energy required to break one mole of a particular covalent bond in gaseous state
bond length
inter-nuclear distance between two covelantly bonded atoms
increasednumberofbondsaffect on bond length (eg c=c)
increased force of attraction by shared electrons and positive nuclei decreases the bond length
therefore the more bonds eg c=c the shorter the bond
bond lengthaffect on bond energy
energy required to break one mole of a covelant bond increases with decreasing bond length
eg. c=c is higher bond energy than c-c
simple covelant properties and reason
weak intermolecular forces
require little energy to overcome
diamond properties and reason
very hard and high melting point
lots of strong covelant bonds
arranged in a tetrehedral structure - difficulpt to break
requires lots of energy to overcome
