Halogenoalkanes Flashcards
prefixes for each halogen in halogenoalkanes
fluoro
chloro
bromo
iodo
how to classify if a halogenoalkane is primary secondary or tertiary
primary halogenoalkanes is when a halogen is attatched to a carbon that is attatched to only one alkyl group
2 alkyles is secondary
3 alkyles tertiary
what is a nucelophile
an electron rich species that can donate a pair of electrons
what is a nucleophilic reaction
one in which uses a nucleophile
what nucleophile is used in the reaction to form an alcohol from a halogenoalkane
OH-
what conditions for the reaction to form an alcohol from a halogenoalkane
NaOH and ethanol in water bath
what determines the rate of reaction in a reaction to form an alcohol from a halogenoalkane
the type of halogen
the stronger the c-x bond the slower the rate therefore cl has slowest rate
why is the c-cl bond strongest compared to other halogens
decreased covelant radius = greater attraction to electrons in the covelant bond
why is water not used in the reaction to form an alcohol from a halogenoalkane
it is a vewry weak nucleophile but would eventually work just take a long time
why do we get a precipitate in the reaction to form an alcohol from a halogenoalkane after adding silver nitrate
silver ions react with halide to form a silver halide precipitate
method with reagents and conditions for the formation of nitriles
using nucleophile - CN-
potassium cyanide is heated under reflux with the halogenoalkane
product is a nitrile
the carbon chain on the product is extended by 1 compared to the reagent
method for the formation of primary amines by reaction with ammonia and reagents and conditions
nucleophile - NH3
heated under pressure with the primary halogenoalkane
primary amine is formed
method for the formation of alkenes ffrom halogenoalkanes
heated under reflux with ethanolic NaOH
c-x bond breaks heterolytically forming X- and the alkene
