Bonding (3) 🧪 Flashcards
(14 cards)
What is an ionic bond?
Formed by the transfer of e from a metal to a non metal.
It’s the strong attraction between opposingly charged ions
What’s a covalent bond?
Formed from a shared pair of e between non metals
The attraction between the positive nucleus and negative shared electrons
What’s a metallic bond?
The attraction between the positive metal ions and the sea of delocalised e.
What’s a dative bond?
Covalent bond where both the e come from one atom
What do lone pairs do?
Repel more than bonding pairs
What is electronegative?
The power of an atom to attract the e in a covalent bond
What’s a polar bond?
A bond with unequal distribution of e due to difference in electronegative of the bonding atoms.
Name the anions
1. Sulphate 2. Carbonate 3. Nitrate
4. Hydroxide 5. Ammonium
- SO4 2-
- CO3 2-
- NO3 -
- OH -
- NH4 +
Describe van der waals
Weakest IMF
When temporary dipoles induce complimentary dipoles in neighbouring atoms
Happens in all molecules
Describe permanent dipole-dipole forces
Attraction between slightly negative and positive ends of bonds
Happens in any polar bonds (asymmetric with different electronegativity)
What does electronegativity depend on?
The nuclear charge
The distance between the outer e shell and the nucleus
The amount of shielding by inner e
Explain H-bonding
Strongest IMF
Attraction between an e deficient H, bonded to a highly EN element, with a highly EN element (NOF)
What structures have high melting points?
Ionic, metallic and giant covalenyt
What’s the most electronegative element
Fluorine
