Bonding

Question 1

what is ionic bonding?

Answer 1

bond between metals and non-metals.metals in group 1 and 2 will give up there electrons to group 6 and 7.

Question 2

what are giant ionic lattices?

Answer 2

a regular structure, every 6 positive ions will surround a negative ion.

Question 3

what are the physical properties of ionic compounds?

Answer 3

• conduct electricity when molten
• high mp hard to overcome forces
• dissolve in water

Question 4

what is covalent bonding?

Answer 4

a bond between non-metals where they share electrons.

Question 5

what are giant covalent structures?

Answer 5

huge network of covalent bonds, carbon can form this type of structure

Question 6

how is the graphite structured?

Answer 6

sheet flat hexagons covalently bonded with three bonds,4 electron is delocalised, have weak van der waals forces.

Question 7

what are the properties of graphite?

Answer 7

• lubricant in pencils slide over each other.
• current can flow
• high mp

Question 8

what structure does diamond have?

Answer 8

has a tetrahedral shape all 4 bonds used.

Question 9

what are the properties of diamond?

Answer 9

high mp
extremely hard
thermal conductor

Question 10

what is a co-ordinate bond?

Answer 10

both electrons come from one atom, atom excepts the electron pair

Question 11

what is metallic bonding?

Answer 11

atoms are arranged regularly , atoms will lose outer electrons and from giant lattice

Question 12

what are the properties of metallic bonding?

Answer 12

• high mp more delocalised electrons bigger attractions.
• malleable easily shaped
• conductors of electricity
• insoluble

Question 13

what is electronegativity?

Answer 13

ability to attract bonding electrons in a covalent bond

Question 14

what does electronegativity depend on?

Answer 14

• the nuclear charge
• the smaller atom the closer to nucleus
• number of shielding

Question 15

what element is higher on the pauling scale

Answer 15

fluorine

Question 16

what is a charge cloud

Answer 16

place where electrons are found

Question 17

what is the electron pair theory?

Answer 17

lone pair charge clouds repel more than bonding pair charge clouds.

Question 18

what does a dotted line and wedge stand for?

Answer 18

wedges=pointing towards you

dotted line=show going away

Question 19

how do you find the number of electron pairs?

Answer 19

1-find the central atom
2-workout how many electrons are in the outer shell
3-add 1 e- for every atom that the central atom is bonded to
4-if ion take into account
5-add up electrons divide by two to get electron pairs
6-compare the number of electrons pairs to no. of bonds to find the number of lone pairs and bp

Question 20

central atoms with two electron pairs

Answer 20

bond angle 180, with a linear shape

Question 21

central atoms with three electron pairs

Answer 21

bond angle 120, trigonal planar.

Question 22

central atoms with four electron pairs

Answer 22

• no lone pairs=109.5 angle is tetrahedral
• three bonding pairs and one lone pair=107 angle is pyramidal
• two bonding pairs and two lone pairs =104.5 is v-shape molecule

Question 23

central atoms with five electron pairs

Answer 23

-five bond pairs=120 angle trigonal bipyramidal

Question 24

central atoms with 6 electron pairs

Answer 24

octahedral,6bp

square planar,4bp and 2lp

Question 25

what are van der waals forces

Answer 25

hold molecules together, as a temporary dipole occurs it attracts another, larger clouds and more electrons mean stronger forces.

Question 26

what are dipole-dipole forces

Answer 26

weak attraction between + and -

charges what are permanent.

Question 27

what is hydrogen bonding

Answer 27

strongest force only happens when hydrogen covalently bonds with Florine nitrogen or oxygen