Bonding Flashcards
(26 cards)
What are the three types of bonding?
- Ionic, covenant and metallic
Where does ionic bonding occur?
- Metals and non metals
Where does covenant bonding occur?
- Most non-metallic and compounds of non metallic
Where does metallic bonding take place?
- Metal ions and electrons
What are ions?
- Charged particles- can be single atoms or groups
- Positive ions formed from a loss of electrons
- Negative ions formed from a gain of electrons
Explain ionic bonding
- When metal and non metal react together
- Metal atom loses electrons to form a positive ion
- Non metal gains these electrons to form a negatively charged ion
How can ionic bonds be shown?
- Dot and cross diagram
How can covalent bonds be shown?
- Dot and cross
- Dispalyed forumla
- 3d
What are the properties of simple molecular structures?
- Intramolecular forces (between ions = covalent bonds) are strong
- Intermolecular forces (between molecules) are weak
- Weak intermolecular forces leads to low melting and boiling points
- No free electrons- don’t conduct electricity
What are the properties of ionic compounds?
- High melting and boiling point
- Due to many strong bonds that have to be broken
- Can’t conduct electricity when solid
- Conduct electricity when liquid
What is a polymer
- Long chains of repeating units
-lots of small units are linked to form long molecule - Draw repeated section
- Joined by covalent
- ## Loe boiling point
How do you find the molecular formula of polymer
- Write down molecular formula and put brakes around and N on outside
What are macromolecules
- Giant covenant structures
- All atom bonded by strong covalent
- High melting points
- Diamond
dont conduct
- What is an allotrope
- different structural forms of the same element in the physical state
What are the allotropes of carbon
- Diamond
- Graphite
- Graphene
- Fullerne
What is diamond
- Allotrope of carbon
- Very hard
- Giant covalent
- Four bonds
- High melting point
- doesn’t conduct
What is graphite
- Three bonds
- Sheets in Hexagons
- no bond between layers- move easily
- High melting point
- conducts as has one free
- What is graphene
- One layer of graphite
- One atom thick
- Very strong
- Can conduct
What are fullerenes
- Molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes
- Hexagonal rings, however may also be five or seven
- First was Buckminsterfullerene c60 which has a physical shape
- cage other molecules
What are carbon carbon nanotubes
- Fullerene
- Cylindrical very high length to diameter
- Useful for nanotechnology, electronics and materials- strengthen without weight
What are the three states of matter and what processes take place at each temperature
- Solid, liquid gas
- Melting and freezing- melting
- Boiling and condensing take place at boiling
What does the state at a certain temperature depend on
- Depends on type of bonding and structure
- Stronger bonds require higher melting and boiling points
What are the limitations of state diagrams
- No forces
- All particles are spheres
- All particles are solid
What are there state symbols
- S- solid
- l- Liquid
- g- gas
- aq- aqueous
