Organic

Question 1

alkane general formula

Answer 1

C_nH_2n+2

Question 2

alkene general formula

Answer 2

C_nH_2n

Question 3

Alkane saturated/unsaturated?

Answer 3

saturated (single bonds)

Question 4

Alkene saturated/unsaturated?

Answer 4

unsaturated (double bonds)

Question 5

name some alkanes

Answer 5

methane

ethane

propane

butane

pentane

Question 6

name some alkenes

Answer 6

ethene

propene

butene

pentene

Question 7

alcohol genera formula

Answer 7

C_nH_2n+1OH

Question 8

alcohol functional group

Answer 8

hydroxyl group

-OH

Question 9

alkene functional group

Answer 9

carbon double bond

C=C

Question 10

alkane functional group

Answer 10

carbon single bond

C-C

Question 11

define homologous series

Answer 11

a family of chemicals with the same general formula, similar chemical reactivity and a treend in physical properties

Question 12

define functional group

Answer 12

a part of the molecule that deterines reactivity,

for example alkenes have a C=C functional group

Question 13

define hydrocarbons

Answer 13

molecules that only contain either carbon or hydrogen

Question 14

define unsaturated

Answer 14

a molecule that has a double bond between carbon atoms

Question 15

define saturated

Answer 15

a molecule that has a single bond between carbon atoms

Question 16

why do properties change between long and short-chain alkanes

Answer 16

because as the chain length increases the intermolecular forces increase between molecules so more energ is needed to overcome them.

Question 17

properties of short-chain alkanes

Answer 17

low viscosity

low boiling points

highly flammable

Question 18

properties of long-chain alkanes

Answer 18

high boiling point

very viscous

low flammability

Question 19

reaction between alcohol annd sodium

Answer 19

produces hydroogen

Question 20

reaction wih alcohol and (strong) oxidising agents

Answer 20

produce a carboxylic acid

Question 21

reaction between alcohol and air (and heat)

Answer 21

carbon dioxide and water

Question 22

complete combustion of methanol

Answer 22

2CH₃OH (l) + 3O₂ (l) —–>

2CO₂ (g) + 4H₂O (l)

Question 23

reaction between alcohol and water

Answer 23

dissolve to produce a neutral solution

Question 24

conditions for fermentation

Answer 24

37^oC

anaerobic

slightly acidic

Question 25

products of fermentation

Answer 25

aqueous solution of carbon dioxide and ethanol

Question 26

reactants of fermentations

Answer 26

yeast sugar solution

Question 27

what reactions are alkenes involved in?

Answer 27

addition reactions

Question 28

reaction between oxygen and alkenes

Answer 28

incomplete combustion smoky flame water carbon monoxide carbon

Question 29

reaction between alkenes and hydrogen

Answer 29

called hydrogenation in presence of nickle catalyst produce alkanes

Question 30

reactions between alkenes and halogens

Answer 30

shaken with bromine water turns an orangey-brown solution to colourless

Question 31

ethene and bromine (water)

Answer 31

ethene + bromine --\> dibromoethane C₂H₄ + Br₂ ---\> CH₂Br₂CH₂Br

Question 32

alkenes and water (steam) reaction

Answer 32

in presence of phosphoric acid catalyst produces an alcohol

Question 33

carboxylic acid general formula

Answer 33

C_nH_2n+1COOH

Question 34

properties of carboxylic acids

Answer 34

partially ionise in water (weak acids)

Question 35

functional group of carboxylic acids

Answer 35

carboxyl group -COOH

Question 36

name some carboxylic acids

Answer 36

methanoic (HCOOH) ethanoic (CH₃COOH) propanoic (CH₃CH₂COOH) butanoic (CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH)

Question 37

carboxylic acids with carbonates

Answer 37

produce salt water carbon dioxide

Question 38

carboxylic acids with alcohols

Answer 38

with acid catalyst produce water and ester

Question 39

ethanoic acid + ethanol

Answer 39

-----\> ethyl ethanoate + water

Question 40

carboxylic acid and water

Answer 40

dissolve to give slightly acidic solutions

Question 41

addition polymerisation

Answer 41

one type of monomer one product formed (polymer)

Question 42

condensation polymerisation

Answer 42

two monomer each with two of the same functional group or one monomer with two different functional groups two products (polymer and water)

Question 43

amino acids

Answer 43

organic compounds that have two different functional groups Amine group (-NH₂) carboxyl group (-COOH)

Question 44

polymerisation with amino acids

Answer 44

condensation polymerisation produces water and a polypeptide (polypeptide is produced by peptide links between the two functional groups)

Question 45

formation of proteins

Answer 45

when 1 or more polypeptides become associated, they form macromolecules called proteins

Question 46

examples of proteins

Answer 46

haemoglobin enzymes antibodies

Question 47

name the bases in DNA

Answer 47

A (adenine) T (thymine) G (guanine) C (cytosine)

Question 48

structure of dna

Answer 48

deoxyribonucleic acid monomers are called nucelotides 2 polymer chains arranged in a double helix structure

Question 49

dna role

Answer 49

encodes genetic information for the development, reproduction and functioning of organisms

Question 50

naturally occuring polymers

Answer 50

strach (sugar monomers) cellulose (sugar monomers) proteins (amino acid monomers)

Question 51

why is a polymer structure good for dna

Answer 51

LONG-CHAIN : allows for large storage of information STABLE : so that information does not change

Question 52

what properties make hydrocarbons good fuels

Answer 52

high volatility (evaporates easily) low boiling point flammablility low viscosity

Question 53

stages of fractional distillation

Answer 53

evaporation condesation collection