Bonding Principles

Question 1

What are the three different materials that make up the adhesive joint

Answer 1

• Adhesive (middle)
• Tooth Structure
• Composite

Question 2

The tooth structure is (hydrophilic/hydrophobic) while the composite is (Hydrophilic/hydrophobic)

Answer 2

hydrophilic…hydrophobic

Question 3

What is the middle layer in the adhesive joint

Answer 3

the adhesive

Question 4

How many surfaces (or adherents are in the adhesive joint

Answer 4

2

Question 5

Who was the first dentist to use adhesive dentistry and acid etched enamel

Answer 5

Michael Buonocore

Question 6

What did Dr. Ray Bowen discover

Answer 6

the 1st Bis-GMA matrix for composite resin

Question 7

What is the substrate of tooth-to-resin adhesion

Answer 7

enamel and dentin

Question 8

Enamel is what percent mineral by weight? Organic?

Answer 8

95%…4%

Question 9

Is enamel completely hydrophobic like resin

Answer 9

no- but if fairly hydrophobic

Question 10

(T/F) Hydroxyappatite forms prisms which makes up enamel

Answer 10

t

Question 11

Dentin is what percent mineral by weight? Organic?

Answer 11

70%…20%

Question 12

Which is more hydrophilic, enamel or dentin

Answer 12

dentin

Question 13

(T/F) Dentin is a fairly static substrate with age

Answer 13

F- its always changing and thus is dynamic

Question 14

Dentin has a __ structure

Answer 14

tubular

Question 15

Dentinal tubules contain…

Answer 15

• Odontoblasts (1/3rd into the tubule)
• Fluids
• Nerves

Question 16

Peritubular dentin is (more/less) mineralized than interlobular dentin

Answer 16

more

Question 17

Intertubular dentin is rich in __ and is ideal for what?

Answer 17

collagen fibers… hybridization

Question 18

(peritubular/intertubular) dentin makes up the bulk of dentin

Answer 18

intertubular

Question 19

Current adhesives provide bonding to (hydrophilic/hydrophobic) substrates

Answer 19

both

Question 20

The old classification system of adhesives was based on…

Answer 20

-Time of appearance in the market

Question 21

What is the current adhesives classification system

Answer 21

• How many clinical application steps there are

- Underlying adhesive strategy (i.e etch and rise v.s self etch) etc

Question 22

In a self etch system the acidic nature of the __ is integrated

Answer 22

monomer

Question 23

Another word for etch is…

Answer 23

conditioner

Question 24

Etch is an acid that performs two roles, what are they

Answer 24

• clean and prepare the surface

- Remove smear later and mineral from the surface

Question 25

The primer is (hdrophyilic/hydrophobic)

Answer 25

both it is amphipathic

Question 26

The primer is made up of

Answer 26

monomers and solvent carriers

Question 27

What does the primer infiltrate

Answer 27

The exposed collagen network

Question 28

The role of the primer is to displace the __ and link to __

Answer 28

moisture...hydrophobic adhesive

Question 29

The adhesive is made of

Answer 29

hydrophobic resin monomers

Question 30

The role of the adhesive is to...

Answer 30

provide links to the composite resin

Question 31

For etch and rinse systems there are two different types which vary in

Answer 31

the number of steps performed by the dentist

Question 32

The 2 step etch and rinse system involves

Answer 32

Etch (conditioner) + Primer/adhesive

Question 33

The 3 step etch and rinse system involves

Answer 33

Etch + Primer + Adhesive

Question 34

Other that the etch and rinse system, what is the other adhesion system

Answer 34

Self etch

Question 35

Describe the 2 step self etch system

Answer 35

self etching primer + adhesive resin

Question 36

Describe the 1 step self etch system

Answer 36

Etch/primer/adhesive all in one

Question 37

What is a negative about the 1 step self etch system

Answer 37

bad shelf life

Question 38

What is the hybrid layer

Answer 38

where the collagen fibers and adhesive monomers come together

Question 39

(T/F) Etching of enamel and dentin must be performed to achieve adhesion with resin

Answer 39

t

Question 40

What are three different substances used for etching

Answer 40

acids, lasers, and air abrassion

Question 41

Who developed the acid etch technique?

Answer 41

Buonocore

Question 42

Acid etch time depends on

Answer 42

the pH (conc. of acid)

Question 43

(T/F) Etching removes the smear layer and closes the dentin tubules

Answer 43

F- it opens the dentin tubules

Question 44

There are 4 different types of acids used for etching there are 2 organic and two inorganic what are they?

Answer 44

Organic - Citric acid - Malic acid Inorganic - Nitric acid - Phosphoric acid

Question 45

The effect of the acid etch depends on what factors

Answer 45

- Type of acid - Acid conc. and pH - Etching time - Form of etchant (i.e gel, aqueous, etc) - Rinse time - Method of activation of the etchant (i.e rubbing) - Chemical composition and condition of enamel - Whether enamel is instrumented before etching

Question 46

Etching primarily removes (inorganic/organic) material

Answer 46

inorganic

Question 47

(T/F) acid etch results in an increase in surface area for enamel but not dentin

Answer 47

f- increases SA in both enamel and dentin

Question 48

(superficial/deep dentin) has larger tubules

Answer 48

deep

Question 49

(Superficial/deep) dentin has a greater amount of intertubular dentin verses peritubular dentin

Answer 49

superficial

Question 50

(Superficial/deep) dentin has a greater amount of peritubular dentin verses peritubular dentin

Answer 50

deep

Question 51

Primers are needed in (dentin/enamel)

Answer 51

dentin

Question 52

(Superficial/deep) dentin has higher bonding strength

Answer 52

superficial

Question 53

Primers contain bifunctional __ such as __ that are dissolved in __

Answer 53

monomers...HEMA...solvents (acetone, ethanol, etc)

Question 54

What is the purpose of the solvent in the primer

Answer 54

they are highly volatile and displace water from the dentin

Question 55

Adhesives have a (low/high) viscosity

Answer 55

low

Question 56

Adhesives serve as __ retention

Answer 56

micromechanical

Question 57

Adhesives are (hydrophobic/hydrophylic)

Answer 57

phobic

Question 58

What is the role of adhesive resin

Answer 58

stabilizes the hybrid layer

Question 59

What does the adhesive resin form

Answer 59

resin tags

Question 60

What are two hydrophobic and highly viscous adhesive resins

Answer 60

Bis-GMA and UDMA

Question 61

What are two hydrophylic and less viscous adhesive resins

Answer 61

TEG-DMA and HEMA

Question 62

The hybrid layer is composed of...

Answer 62

resin, collagen, and partially demineralized dentin

Question 63

Steps to apply etchant

Answer 63

- Apply to a clean, dry tooth - Apply 1 mm beyond the margin - Apply to enamel first then dentin (15 seconds on enamel) - Rinse

Question 64

Primer application

Answer 64

- Cover all etched surface - Apply many coats - Evaporate solvent by air thining

Question 65

Adhesive application

Answer 65

- Paint even coat - Air thin - Light polymerize for 20 sec