Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter Flashcards
What are the three types of bonding?
Ionic Bonding, Covalent Bonding and Metallic Bonding.
What is Ionic Bonding?
The bonding of metals and non-metals. Involves the transfer of electrons.
What happens to the metal atoms in an ionic bond?
The metal atoms lose electrons to form positively charged ions.
What happens to the non-metal atoms in an ionic bond?
The non-metal atoms gain the electrons lost by the metal atoms to form negatively charged ions.
How does the group a metal is in effect how it bonds?
The group of a metal tells us how many electrons it will gain or lose. eg. Mg (Group 2), becomes +2 ions.
What are some properties of Ionic Compounds?
high melting & boiling points and can conduct electricity in a solution or when melted.
What is Covalent Bonding?
Bonding between two non-metals.
What do dot and cross Diagrams show us?
Show how electrons rearranged in an atom or ion. Each electron is represented by a dot or a cross.
What is covalent bonding?
The bonding of non-metals and non-metals. Atoms share electrons to form two full outer shells.
What is a molecular formula?
A molecular formula describes the atoms present in a molecule, eg. H2O (2xH) (1XO)
What are two examples of giant covalent structures?
Diamond: each carbon atom is bonded to 4 other carbon atoms (tetrahedral structure).
Graphite: each carbon atom is bonded to 3 other carbon atoms (layers of hexagonal rings)
What are some properties of Graphite structures?
- Has some delocalised electrons
- Forces between layers are weak. (lubricant)
What is Metallic Bonding?
The bonding of metals and metals. The electrons are delocalised and are free to move.
Why can Metallic Bonds conduct electricity?
Because the electrons are delocalised and free to move.
What are Alloys?
Mixtures of different metals.
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid and gas
Describe the particles in each of the states of matter?
Solid: particles all touching, neat rows, can vibrate to move.
Liquid: particles touching each other and their container, not in rows, particles can move past each other.
Gas: particles moving freely, not touching each other but can collide.
Name for the change of matter in:
liquid -> solid
solid -> liquid
liquid -> gas
gas -> liquid
freeze
melt
evaporate
condense
What are some properties of Diamond structures?
Very Hard, high melting points
What is the structure of Ionic Compounds? Describe what this means.
Giant ionic lattice structures where ions are packed in a regular structure with strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions.
Why do small covalent molecules have low melting/boiling points?
Weak intermolecular forces.
Why do small covalent molecules not conduct electricity?
They do not have an overall electric charge.
What are the seven diatomic molecules?
Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
What are the three main examples of Giant Covalent Structures?
Diamond, Graphite and Silicon Dioxide.
