Bonding, Structure and Property Matter

Question 1

What is crude oil?

Answer 1

Unrefined oil

Question 2

What are hydrocarbons?

Answer 2

Hydrogen and carbon compounds

Question 3

What is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 3

CnH2n+2

Question 4

What is the formula for alkenes?

Answer 4

CnH2n

Question 5

What type of bond does alkanes have?

Answer 5

Single- saturated

Question 6

What type of bonds do alkenes have?

Answer 6

Double- unsaturated

Question 7

What is fractional distillation?

Answer 7

Because they have different boiling points, the substances in crude oil can be separated using fractional distillation. The crude oil is evaporated and its vapours allowed to condense at different temperatures in the fractionating column

Question 8

How is the fractional distillation columns arranged?

Answer 8

Short chain lengths at the top and long at the bottom

Question 9

What is the boiling point of small molecules?

Answer 9

Low because they need less energy to be broken down by

Question 10

What is the boiling point of large molecules?

Answer 10

High because they need more energy to be broken down by

Question 11

What is the viscosity of small molecules?

Answer 11

Thin

Question 12

What is the viscosity of large molecules?

Answer 12

Thick

Question 13

What is the flammability of small molecules?

Answer 13

Very flammable because there is less bonds to break

Question 14

What is the flammability of large molecules?

Answer 14

Flammable because they have more bonds to break

Question 15

What is cracking?

Answer 15

When long hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller hydrocarbons

Question 16

What do you need to perform cracking?

Answer 16

High temperature

Catalyst

Question 17

What are the fractions of crude oil?

Answer 17

Natural gas- cooking gas
Propane- caravans
Petrol- cars
Diesel- vans and cars
Kerosene- aeroplane
Fuel oil- ships
Bitumen- tarmac

Question 18

What is combustion?

Answer 18

When fuel a fuel reacts with oxygen

Question 19

Fuel + oxygen equals

Answer 19

Carbon dioxide + water

Question 20

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 20

Oppositely charged ions held together by electrostatic attraction

Question 21

What is ionic bonds made up of?

Answer 21

A metal and a non metal

Question 22

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 22

Atoms that share a pair of electrons

Question 23

What is covalent bonds made up of?

Answer 23

Non metals

Question 24

What is an ion?

Answer 24

An atom with a charge

Question 25

What are ionic bonds arranged into?

Answer 25

A lattice structure

Question 26

What are ionic bonds held together by?

Answer 26

Electrostatic attraction

Question 27

Why can ionic bonds not conduct electricity when in a solid?

Answer 27

Since ions are in a fixed lattice so they cannot move so ions cannot carry charge

Question 28

What is the appearance of an ionic compound?

Answer 28

Usually white solids

Question 29

Are ionic compounds easily dissolved?

Answer 29

Yes to form aqueous solutions

Question 30

When can an ionic compound conduct electricity?

Answer 30

When it is molten or dissolved since the ions are free to move so they can carry charge

Question 31

What type of melting and boiling points does ionic compounds have?

Answer 31

They are high this means they are solids at room temperature

Question 32

What does it mean if they have a high boiling and melting point?

Answer 32

They require a lot of energy to break their strong forces of electrostatic attraction. also they are in a lattice formation so there is many bonds

Question 33

What is silicon dioxide made from?

Answer 33

SiO2 | Silicon and oxygen

Question 34

What is silicon dioxide commonly known as?

Answer 34

Glass

Question 35

Why does it take a lot of energy to break SiO2 bonds?

Answer 35

Because it has very strong bonds

Question 36

What is diamond made from?

Answer 36

Carbon

Question 37

How many bonds does diamond have?

Answer 37

4

Question 38

Why does diamond need a lot of energy to break its bonds?

Answer 38

As it has very strong bonds

Question 39

What type of melting point does diamond have?

Answer 39

High

Question 40

What is diamond used for?

Answer 40

Drill bits and jewellery

Question 41

What is graphite made from?

Answer 41

Carbon

Question 42

How many bonds does graphite have?

Answer 42

3

Question 43

How is graphite arranged?

Answer 43

In sheets

Question 44

Why is graphite soft?

Answer 44

As it has sliding layers

Question 45

Why does graphite conduct electricity?

Answer 45

Because of its delocalised electron

Question 46

What is graphite used for?

Answer 46

Lubricant

Question 47

What type of forces does graphite have?

Answer 47

Weak intermolecular forces

Question 48

Why is graphene similar to graphite?

Answer 48

Because it can conduct electricity

Question 49

How does graphene conduct electricity?

Answer 49

Through its delocalised electron

Question 50

Why does graphene have very strong bonds?

Answer 50

Due to its strong intermolecular forces

Question 51

Why are carbon nanotubes similar to graphene?

Answer 51

Because they can conduct electricity

Question 52

What is carbon nanotubes used for and why?

Answer 52

Building materials because its lightweight

Question 53

What is Buckminster fullerene made from?

Answer 53

Carbon

Question 54

Why is it hollow in the centre?

Answer 54

To hold drugs

Question 55

What happens in combustion of alkenes?

Answer 55

Burns with a smokier yellow flame and releases less energy per mole as it can result in incomplete combustion

Question 56

How many carbons does methane have?

Answer 56

1

Question 57

How many carbons does ethene have?

Answer 57

2

Question 58

How many carbons does propene have?

Answer 58

3

Question 59

How many carbons does butene have?

Answer 59

4

Question 60

What do the halogens form with alkenes?

Answer 60

Dibromo (bromine) Dichloro (chlorine) DIiodo (iodine)