Bonding, structure and the properties of matter Flashcards
(36 cards)
What type of attraction is in ionic bonding?
Electrostatic
What is ionic bonding?
When electrons are gained and lost
What is covalent bonding?
Where electrons are shared
Which substances have ionic bonding?
Ionic compounds
Which substances have covalent bonding?
Molecular substances and giant covalent substances
What is the structure of giant covalent structures?
Made of a giant lattice of atoms joined to each other by covalent bonds
What are 4 examples of giant covalent structures?
.Diamond
.Graphite
.Silicon
.Silicon dioxide
What is the melting/ boiling points of giant covalent structures and why?
Very high as it requires a lot of energy to break lots of strong covalent bonds
Which of the giant covalent structures can conduct electricity and why?
Graphite as it has a sea of delocalised electrons
What is ionic bonding between?
Metals and non metals
What is the structure of ionic structures?
Made of a giant lattice of positive and negative ions. There are strong electrostatic forces of attraction between positive and negative ions
What is the melting/ boiling point of ionic structures and why?
High as it is requires a lot of energy to overcome the strong attraction between the positive and negative ions
When can a ionic structure carry charge and why?
Liquid as ions can move and carry charge
What is the melting and boiling points of metallic structures and why?
High as it requires a lot of energy to overcome the strong attraction between the positive nucleus of the metal atoms and delocalised electrons
What are covalent structures made of?
Non metal + non metal
Can covalent bonding structures conduct electricity and why?
No as molecules are neutral and there are no delocalised electrons
What is the melting/ boiling points of covalent bonding structures?
Low as little energy is needed to overcome the weak forces between the molecules
What is the structure of covalent bonding structures?
Weak forces of attraction between the molecules
What are pure metals softer?
The layers of metal ions can slide over each other
What is an alloy?
A metal that contains at least one other type of element often a metal.
Why are alloys strong?
The extra elements will be a different size which disrupts the regular layers.
What a the size of atoms and molecules?
0.05 - 1nm
What is the name for when solid turns into a liquid and vice versa
Sublimation
What is the size of a nanoparticle?
1-100nm
