Bonds Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are bonds formed by the sharing of a pair of valence electrons called?
Covalent bonds
Covalent bonds consist of atoms bonded together by sharing electrons.
What does molecular formula indicate?
The number and types of atoms present in a single molecule
Molecular formulas give insight into the composition of a molecule.
What is electronegativity?
The attraction of an atom for the electrons in a covalent bond
Atoms with higher electronegativity pull shared electrons closer.
What type of covalent bond has electrons that are shared equally?
Nonpolar covalent bond
Nonpolar covalent bonds occur when atoms share electrons equally.
When is a covalent bond considered nonpolar?
When it is between two atoms of the same element
Nonpolar bonds are characterized by equal sharing of electrons.
What defines a polar covalent bond?
Electrons that are not shared equally by two atoms
Polar covalent bonds create regions with partial charges.
What happens in polar covalent bonds near strongly electronegative atoms?
Partial negative charge develops
The weakly electronegative atom develops a partial positive charge.
What is an ionic bond?
Formed when one atom strips an electron completely from another
Ionic bonds result in charged atoms called ions.
What are cations?
Atoms with positive charges
Cations are formed when atoms lose electrons.
What are anions?
Atoms with negative charges
Anions are formed when atoms gain electrons.
What attracts cations and anions to form an ionic bond?
Differences with charge
What does the strength of ionic bonds depend on?
Environmental conditions
What are compounds formed by ionic bonds called?
Ionic bonds
What is formed when areas with opposite charges are attracted?
Hydrogen bonds
How do biological molecules recognize and interact with one another?
Based on molecular shape
True or False: Similar shapes can mimic effects in biological interactions.
True
What leads to bonds breaking and reforming to create new structures?
Reactions
What do reactants lead to in a chemical reaction?
Products
What must reactions be in order to be accurate?
Balanced
What is chemical equilibrium?
When products and reactants are continually formed, but have no net change in concentrations
