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HISTOLOGY > BONE > Flashcards

BONE Flashcards

1
Q

What are ostoblasts and where are they located?

A

bone forming cells. always on the surface.

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2
Q

What is the function of osteocytes?

A

to maintain the bone matrix in mature bone

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3
Q

What color does the bone matrix stain with H&E?

A

acidophilic

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4
Q

What is the function of osteoclasts?

A

bone resorbing/digesting cells

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5
Q

What is the general process of intramembranous ossification?

A

mesenchymal cells –> osteoblasts –> osteoblasts form bone

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6
Q

What is the general process of endochondral ossification?

A

mesenchymal cells –> chondroblasts/chondrocytes –> calcification and death of chondrocytes –> osteoblasts form new bone on calcified matrix

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7
Q

Is cartilage tissue vascular or avascular?

A

avascular

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8
Q

how do cartilage cells recieve nutrients?

A

diffusion through the hydrated matrix (lots of proteoglycans!)

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9
Q

What is the best indicator that a long bone has attained its full length?

A

the disappearance/ossification of the growth plate

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10
Q

What are the 3 steps of an increase in the length of bone?

A
  1. Intersitial growth (new chondrocytes)
  2. calcification/death of newly made chondrocytes. Dead cartilage pushed into metaphysis
  3. Ossification of calcified cartilage in metaphysis
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11
Q

What are the zones of changes in the growth plate?

A
  1. Zone of resting cartilage cells
  2. Zone of proliferation
  3. Zone of hypertrophy
  4. Zone of calcification
  5. Zone of ossification
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12
Q

Explain the zone of resting cartilage cells

A

no morphologic changes in chonrodytes. Some cells proliferate and provide new cells below.

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13
Q

Explain the zone of proliferation

A

proliferation = pancakes!
prolfierated chondrocytes form columns of stacked cells

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14
Q

Explain the zone of hypertrophy

A

contains large chondrocytes. Nuclei within cells.

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15
Q

Explain the zone of calcification

A

Chondrocytes die, nuclei gone. provide scaffolding.

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16
Q

Explain the zone of ossification

A

mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts. newly formed osteoblasts begin to deposit bone on calcified cartilage

17
Q

What is another word for the zone of ossification?

A

metaphysis

18
Q

What is appositional growth of bones?

A

increase in width of bones

19
Q

How do bones achieve appositional growth?

A

mesenchymal cells present in the inner layer of periosteum multiply and differentiate into osteoblasts

20
Q

List the steps involved in an increase in the width of long bones

A

Periosteum –> differentitation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts –> osteoblasts form bone on surface –> osteoclasts remodel bone

21
Q

Identify the cell

A

osteocyte

22
Q

A. Identify the cell within the dotted area.
B. List one function associated with this cell.
C. Identify the cell indicated by the arrows.

A

A. Osteoclast.
B. Bone resorption.
C. Osteocyte (it is within the bone)

23
Q

A. Identify the structure
B. identify the tissue

A

A. Periosteum
B. Bone

24
Q

A. Identify the cell
B. Identify the cell

A

A. Osteoblast
B. Osteocyte

25
Q

A. Identify the cell within dotted circles.
B. List one function for the cell shown in dotted circles.
C. Identify the cell.

A

A. Osteoclast.
B. Bone resorption.
C. Osteocyte.

26
Q

A. Identify the structure shown within the dotted circle.
B. Identify the structure indicated by the arrow;
C. What does it contain in a living tissue?

A

A. Haversian system (or Osteon).
B. Central canal.
C. Nervous tissue, loose CT, blood vessels

27
Q

A. Identify the structure.
B. Identify the cell
C. Identify the structure shown within the dotted circle.

A

A. Canaliculi.
B. Osteocyte.
C. Central canal.

28
Q

Identify A, B, and C

A

A. Outer fibrous CT layer of periosteum.
B. Periosteum.
C. Inner cellular (mesenchymal) layer of
periosteum.

29
Q

A. Sturcture?
B. Tissue?
C. Structure?
D. Tissue?

A

A. Articular cartilage.
B. Hyaline cartilage.
C. Growth plate (physis).
D. Hyaline cartilage.

30
Q

Identify the zones

A

A. Zone of resting cells.
B. Zone of proliferation.
C. Zone of hypertrophy.
D. Zone of calcification.
E. Zone of ossification.

31
Q

A. Tissue?
B. Tissue?

A

A. Cartilage.
B. Bone.

32
Q

A. Identify the cell.
B. Identify the cell.
C. What substance is responsible for basophilia in this tissue?

A

A. Osteoblasts.
B. Osteocytes.
C. GAG or proteoglycans (abundant in cartilage).

33
Q

The ?? (structural name) lines the bone marrow spaces and trabeculae of spongy bone. It is composed of a single layer of cells that include ?? , osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and a small amount of connective tissue.

A

Endosteum and mesenchymal cells.

34
Q

The ?? and ?? are a source of
new bone-forming cells and are described as possessing osteogenic potential

A

Endosteum and periosteum

HISTOLOGY (14 decks)

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