Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

histo exam 3 > bone > Flashcards

bone Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is woven bone ( non lamellar bone)
- features and location
- what is it also known as

A

features: irregular and random arrangement of cells and collagen that is lightly calcified
location: developing and growing bones, hard callus of bone fractures
- also know as immature or primary bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the first bone to be produced and what is it replaced by?

A

woven bone and is replaced by lamellar bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is lamellar bone
- features and location
- what is it also known as

A
  • parallel bundles of collagen in thin layers (lamellae) with regular spaced cells between, heavily calcified
  • all normal regions of adult bone
  • mature - secondary bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the first version of lamellar bone and what does it turn into?

A

first version is trabecular bone and is then remodeled ( not always) into compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is another term vergil may use for trabecular bone

A

cancellous/spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

there are places in our organs where ______ bone is present and houses bone marrow

A

trabecular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where does hematopoiesis occur

A

in trabecular /spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is compact bone
- features and location
- what is it also known as

A
  • parallel lamellae or densely packed osteons, with interstitial lamellae
  • thick, outer region ( beneath the periosteum) of bones
  • cortical bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what percent of lamellar bone is compact bone

A
  • 80%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is cancellous bone?
- features and location
- what is it also known as

A
  • interconnected thin spicules or trabeculae covered in endosteum,
  • inner region of bones, adjacent to marrow cavities
  • spongy, trabecular, medullary bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bone anatomy:
what is the functional unit of cortical/compact bone

A

osteons - composed of tiny muli-layered cylinders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are lamellae

A

layers of the osteon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is at the center of the osteon and what is the function
What does it deliver nutrients to

A

Haversian canal - it is the nutritious central canal to which blood vessels and nerves run
- they deliver nutrients to the osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

lacunae
-what is and what is present here

A

small spaces between lamellae that hold bone cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • which cells are responsible for forming bone
  • what do they get trapped in
  • what do they become when they are trapped
A
  • osteoblasts
  • get trapped in lacunae and mature into osteocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do osteocytes communicate?
What do they have

A
  • through processes which have gap junctions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

canaliculi

A

small channels that connect lacunae and haversian canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where do the processes of osteocytes run through?
- how do these channels allow osteocytes to recieve nutrients

A

canaliculi which are made of CT that allow osteocytes to receive nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

volkmann’s canal

A

runs perpendicular to the osteons and connect the haversian canal to the periosteum ( outer layer of bone ), which provides nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the major function of the volkman canna ( virgil says this is really important !!)

A
  • is the source of the creation of the vascular network in bone and allows for the migration of blood cells, once mature, out of trabecular bone.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the path of the volkmann canal

A

periosteum > compact> trabecular bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the periosteum
- what are its layers

A
  • it is the vascularized dense IR CT that lines the compact/ corticol bone.
  • outer - collagen and blood vessels penetrate the volkmans canal
  • inner - osteoprogenitor cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what part of the bone does periosteum not cover

A
  • covers bone except at the articular surface and the tendon/ligament insertions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is endosteum

A
  • CT that lines the medullary cavity and cvities within the spongy bone of the epiphyses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are the 3 types of lamellae in spongy bone
- concentric lamellae - interstital lamellae - circumferential lamellae ( runs outside to inside of compact bone)
26
what are osteoclasts and where are they housed
- giant multincleated cells that eat and resorb bone and bring Ca back into the blood - housed in howship lacunae
27
what are osteoblasts
growing cells which synthesize and secrete the organic components of the bone matrix
28
signaling pathway through which osteoclasts are produced
- PTH (para thyroid hormone) binds osteoblasts - this increases RANKL expression - RANKL binds RANK on the osteoclast precursor - activated to fuse with others and from osteoclasts
29
signaling pathway for activation of osteoblasts
- calcitonin inhibits osteoclasts resorption - and osteogenic cells of endosteum become osteoblasts
30
where do cells in bone and cartilage originate from and what do they turn in to
they are derived from mesenchymal/ priomrdial CT cells and become chrondrogenic or osteogenic cells
31
what do chrondrogenic cells further differentiate into
chrondroblasts that become trapped in lacunae and even further differentiate into chrondrocytes
32
what do osteogenic cells further differentiate into
osteoblasts that become osteocytes when they become trapped in the bony matrix
33
where do osteoblasts reside in the bone -what is their activity here
- they line the trabeculae and from the endostium - they are either active or not active here
34
what is pagets disease ( DEF AN EXAM QUESTION) - what are the biochemical indication
- disease where there is abnormal resorption and deposition of bone - is an elevation in cerum alkaline phosphatase because this is a requirement for bone deposition - but regular calcium and phosphorus because bone is still being resorbed and deposited
35
what is osteoid
is the orgnaic component of bone and contains all components of bone EXCEPT FOR MINERALS ( HYDROXYAPETITE)
36
-what type of collagen makes up CT and Bone - what type makes up Cartilage
- fibrular type I collagen - type II collagen
37
what type of cartilage makes up fibrocartilage and why
- type I collagen bc it contains and chondrocytes and fibroblasts which secrete type I collagen.
38
what are the 2 types of bone ossification
- intramembraneous and endochondral ossification
39
what is intramembraneous ossification -which bones are formed this way
- bone is generated directly from mesenchyme - flat bones such as the cranium , clavicle, and mandible are made this way
40
what is endochondreal ossification -what bones are formed this way
- bone that is made from a cartilage mold - long bones are made this way
41
Question that may be on exam: which of the following isint a characteristic of intramembranous ossification
answer will: made from a cartilage mold ( ITS NOT)
42
what is the first type of bone that is deposited in endonchdral and intramembranous ossification? - what does it turn into
- both start with woven bone - woven bone> spongey bone> compact bone
43
what are the two types of bone in long bones
- compact (outside) - trabecular (inside)
44
what types of growth do we see in long bones
aposiotional growth - growth from the outside - increases diameter - interstital growth - from the inside-increases length
45
what causes interstitial growth in long bone - what is the zone called
the proliferative zone of chondrocytes at the epiphyseal growth plate NOTE: entire bone made of catilage and is later replaced by bone except the articular cartilage
46
what zone allows the bone to growth through interstial growth
zone of proliferation ( as mentioned earlier located in epiphyseal growth plate)
47
In what structures do we see apositional growth EXAM QUESTION
BONE and CARTILAGE
48
simple bone cyst - what are the charecterstics of the cavity - what is it lined with
empty or fluid filled cavity with blood in the bone made up of a epithelial lining
49
how does a fibroosteous lesion differ from normal trabecular bone - in what other disease can you see these lesions
- instead of having many cells of hematopoetic cell lines there is a mass of dense fibular CT that is usually benign - pagets disease
50
osseous ( or cartilagenous) choristoma THIS IS DEF A QUESTION
- in soft tissue such as tongue -normal cartilage in a abnormal place
51
can the normal appearance of bone or any material still be diseased ? what is a pathological example
YESSSSS ex) osseous choristoma its normal cartilage but diseased bc in a abnormal spot
52
chroistoma vs hamartoma
choristoma- tummor like mass made of normal mass in a different location hamartoma- is a tumor like disorganized malformation in a normal location
53
bone vs cartilage in terms of vascularization - where does the unvascularized tissue get nutrients from
bone is highly vascularized cartilage is not - cartilage gets its nutrients from the perichondrium
54
osteosarcoma in what disease does this occur often
- malignant tumor of the bone - occurs in higher frequency in people with pagets disease
55
chondrosarcoma THIS IS DEF A QUESTION
- most common sarcoma in the jaw
56
what is the outer covering of cartilage
perichondrium
57
what cartilage does not have a perichondrium!! THIS IS DEF A QUESTION
- articular and fibrocartilage
58
cartilage is ____ mineralized and bone ___ mineralized
not, is
59
Joints: symphyses - what is it and what is an example
a joint that has a thick pad of fibrocartilage between the thin articular cartilage covering the ends of the bones - ex) intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis ( occur in the midline of the body)
60
synovial joints (diarthrosis)
joints that fully move
61
what are the two types of synovial joints - give examples
simple : 2 articulating surfaces ex ) knee and elbow compound: 3 articulating surfaces ex) TMJ
62
do synovial joints ( diarthroses) have cartilage?? if so do they have an outer covering?
yes - no, dont have a perichondrium
63
what is the synovial membrane
- highly vascularized and innervated membrane that encases the synovial joint
64
what are the cell types that make up the synovial membrane
- Type A : monocyte derived macrophage type cells that remove wear and tear debris from synovial fluid - type B: fibroblastic synovial cells that produce proteoglycans that produce the synovial fluid from the blood to provide chondrocytes with nutrients and lubrication for the joint
65
how do type A cells appear in a histological image and what may they be mistaken for?
they are aggregated together and may be confused for epithelial cells . - they dont lay on a basement membrane and DONT form intercellular junctions
66
what are the components of the TMJ THIS IS DEF A QUESTION
- nucleus pulposis is NOT ( part of the intervertebral disc) - lateral pterygoid - articular disc - articular eminence - articular capsule - glenoid fossa etc
67
what is disc displacement
malfunction of the retrodiscal tissue where it replaces the articular disc

histo exam 3 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions