endocrine system Flashcards
(32 cards)
what is another term for the pituitary gland
hypophysis
how are endocrine glands different than exocrine
they are ductless and release hormones into interstitial tissue then pass to the blood are lymphatic circulation
what is the function of the pituitary gland ( hypophysis)
- produces hormones to regulate growth, reproduction, and metabolism
what are the 2 branches of the pituitary gland
adenohypohphysis ( anterior pituitary)
and neurohypopysis (posterior pituitary)
What is the adenohypophysis made up of and what are the three subdivisions?
- made of glandular epithelium
- anterior lobe ( pars distalis)
- intermidiate lobe ( pars intermedia):
- largest lobe (pars tubularis): thin layer of CT surroounding the infundibular stalk
what is the neurohypophysis made up of and what are the 3 subdivisions?
- made up of neural tissue
- median eminenece: connects the the gland to the hyopthalmus
- infundibular stalk ( where the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract runs)
- pars nervosa
what is the neurohypophysis a direct extention of?
what does it do ?
neurohypophysis is a direct neuronal extention of the hypothalmus and it stores and releases hormones made by the hypothalmus
which are the hormones made by the hypo thalmus that the neurohypophysis secretes, via which layer?
how do they get the the neurohypohysis
pars nervosa - secretes oxytcoin and ADH ( vasopressin)
- they get transported to the neurohypopysis ( posterior pituotary) hypothalmic-hypophyseal tract made of unmyleinated axons
what are herring bodies
- unique feature of the neurohypophysis and they contain aggregates of neurosecretory mateiral which are stored before release
how is the adenohypophysis different than the neurohypopysis?
what hormones are secreted by the adenohypophysis ( anterior pituitary)
- it produces its own hormones in response to hypothalmic releasing hormones
- FSH - follicle stimulating hormone
- LH - lutinizing hormone
- ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormon)
- TSH ( thyroid stimulating hormone)
- GH - growth hormone
-prolactin - basophils
what hormones do basophils release
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
what hormones do acidophils release
-prolactin
- endorphins
- GH
what are the hypothalmic releasing hormones that trigger the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary
- GnRH - gonadotropin releasing hormone > stimulates the release of FSH and LH
- TRH - thyrotropin releasing hormone» stimulates the relase of TSH
- CRH - corticotropin releasing hormone> stimulates the release of ACTH
- GRH- growth hormone releaseaing hormone»_space; stimulates the release of GH
where is the adrenal gland located and what are the two subdivisions
- located on the superior pole of the kindey
- cortex and medulla
what is the function of the adrenal glands
regulates the stress response
what is the adrenal cortex stimulated by
- stimulated by ACTH ( adrenocorticotropic hormone) released by the anterior pituitary and angiotensin 2 ( kidney)
what types of hormones are released by the adrenal cortex and what are they?
- releases gluccocorticoids ( cortisol): increases Blood glucos during long term stress
- releases mineralcoticoids ( aldosterone): increases blood volume
- androgens : male sex hormone
what does ACTH and angiotensin 2 stimulate the release of
ACTH - gluccorticoids
angitoensin 2 - mineralcorticoids and androgens
what is the adrenal medulla stimulated by
what type of stress does it deal with
the sympathetic ANS
- short term stress
what types of hormones are realseased by the adrenal medulla and what are they
- amino acid derived - catecholamines
- epeinepherine / adrenaline and norepinephrine/ noradrenaline
what are the layers of the adrenal cortex and what do
zona glomerulosa - mineralcorticoids ( aldosterone)
zona fasciuculata - gluccocorticoids (cortisol)
Zona reticularis - weak androgens
what reaction do mineralcorticods ( aldosterone) cause
- causes a reaction at the distal convoluted tubule in the kidney where it prompts the reabsorption of sodium.
what do gluccocorticoids (cortisol) cause the inhibition of
THIS IS DEF A QUESTION
the immune response
-How do hormones from the hypothalmus transported to the pars nervosa in the neurohpopysis
- what triggers the secretion of oxytocin and ADH/vasopressin from the pars nervosa
- they are transported from the hypothalmaus via the hypothalamic - hypophysisal tract to the pars nervosa where they wait for an action potential to trigger their secretion
