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Flashcards in Bone Adaptation to Load Deck (10)
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1
Q

How does bone mass vary between males and females with age?

A

Women have a much lower peak bone mass and experience a steady plateau of bone mass during the reproductive years whereas men start to decline after reaching the peak. Women have a sharp decrease in bone mass during the menopause and then reach the fracture threshold much sooner than men.

2
Q

What things contribute to the efficiency of bone to bear load whilst minimising weight?

A
  1. Mineral properties
  2. Geometry of the bone
  3. The trabecular bone architechture.
3
Q

How should bone mass be distributed for optimal strength?

A

New mass is added to the edge of the bone, furthest away from the axis through which load is experienced.

4
Q

What label is used to measure bone activity?

A

Calcein

5
Q

If loads of physiological magnitude are applied to a bone, how can osteogenesis be stimulated?

A

By applying it in a novel way. If application of load is normal, the load would need to be supra-physiological in magnitude.

6
Q

How are fractures prevented in normal bone?

A

The bone bends at many different points (think crumple zones of a car)

7
Q

How does an adaptive response to changes in load bearing come about?

A
  1. Mechanotransduction = changing a mechanical signal to a cellular one.
  2. Communication between cells
  3. Coordination of the response.
8
Q

What cell is thought to transduce and coordinate the responses to loading?

A

Osteocytes (communicate through cannaliculli)

9
Q

Is bone strength always a result of the loads applied to it?

A

No, the skull remains strong even though it is rarely subject to loading of any significant proportions.

10
Q

Is there a genetic component to bone adaptation?

A

Yes, think chickens,