Bone & Cartilage

Question 1

What is meant by the term osteomyelitis ?

Answer 1

An infection of bone

Question 2

What is an osteoblast ?

Answer 2

Bone forming cells

Question 3

What are the 6 functions of bone ?

Answer 3

Protection
Shape
Movement
Blood production
Mineral storage
Sound

Question 4

What are the classification of bones by shape?

Answer 4

Flat bone (frontal)
Sutural bone
Short bone (carpal)
Irregular bone (vertebrae)
Sesamoid bone (patella)
Long bone (femur)

Question 5

In adulthood how many bones should we have?

Answer 5

206 - 213

Question 6

Which type of cartilage would be found in the TMJ

Answer 6

Fibrous

Question 7

Where is elastic cartilage found ?

Answer 7

The pinna of the ear

Question 8

Which of the following is a flat bone ?

Answer 8

A - parietal bone
B - tibia
C - patella
D - vertebrae

Question 9

What is the structure of a long bone ?
Give example

Answer 9

A long shaft or diaphysis and two articular surfaces, with central bone marrow cavity

Tibia or femur

Question 10

What is the structure of a short bone ?
Give example

Answer 10

Cube shaped bones

Wrist and ankle

Question 11

What is the structure of a flat bone ?
Give examples

Answer 11

Thin and often curved

Skull bones
Parietal bone

Question 12

What is the structure of an irregular bone ?
Give example

Answer 12

Irregular and complicated shapes

Bones of the spine

Question 13

What is the structure of a sesmoid bone ?

Give example

Answer 13

Embedded in tendons

The patella

Question 14

What are the two main types of bone development ?

Answer 14

Intramembranous ossification
Endochondral ossification

Question 15

What does fully developed bone consist of ?

Answer 15

An organic compound 30-40%
An inorganic material 40-50%
Water 20%

Question 16

What three cells are present in bone ?

Answer 16

Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

Question 17

What is the structure and function of an osteoclast ?

Answer 17

Large and multi-nucleated
Bone resorption cells that can engulf like macrophages and maintain optimum shape of bone

Question 18

What is the bone structure of the inorganic matrix ?

Answer 18

Crystalline mineral salts & calcium
Hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 19

What is the bone structure of the organic matrix?

Answer 19

Mainly collagen

Question 20

What are the types of bone tissue ?

Answer 20

Compact bone
Cancellous or spongy bone

Question 21

What is the structure and function of compact bone ?

Answer 21

Strongest form of bone tissue with few spaces
Forms tough outer layer of each bone
Adds support and protection to skeletal system

Question 22

What is the structure and function of cancellous or spongy bone?

Answer 22

Light type of bone with branching bars and plates of bone tissue

Makes up the inside of short flat and irregular bones and epiphyses of long bones

Question 23

What is the function of periosteum bone?

Answer 23

Provides nourishment by allowing blood vessels pass to bone
Gives attachment to muscle tendons
Helps with forming and repairing bone

Question 24

What factors can delay bone healing?

Answer 24

Infection
Deficient blood supply
Old age
Medications
Host response
Tissue fragments between the ends of bone

Question 25

What factors can improve healing?

Answer 25

Resting and limited movement Pain relief medication Nutrition Appropriate movement under guidance Age

Question 26

What microbes can gain access to the bone and spread infection ?

Answer 26

Staphylococcus aurous

Question 27

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 27

Loss of bone density

Question 28

What is osteitis?

Answer 28

Bone inflammation

Question 29

What is acromegaly?

Answer 29

Overgrowth of bone in face, hands and feet

Question 30

What is fibrous dysplasia?

Answer 30

Abnormal growth or swelling of the bone

Question 31

What is multiple myeloma ?

Answer 31

Cancer of the plasma cells in bone marrow

Question 32

What is rickets?

Answer 32

A child’s growing bones fail to develop due to lack of vitamin D

Question 33

What is cartilage ?

Answer 33

A firm a vascular non calcified connective tissue

Question 34

What are the three types of cartilage ?

Answer 34

Hyaline Fibrous Elastic

Question 35

What is hyaline cartilage and where is it found?

Answer 35

Principle type of cartilage particularly in foetus and infants Found in articulating fugaces of bone Costal cartilage, larynx, trachea and bronchi

Question 36

What is fibrous cartilage and where is is found ?

Answer 36

Dense tough slightly flexible tissue Found in the intervertebral disc Knee and jaw joints Pubic symphysis hip and shoulder joints

Question 37

What is elastic cartilage and where is it found?

Answer 37

The intracellular matrix Pinna of ear Epiglottis Tunica media of blood vessel walls