Bone formation and the Axial Skeleton

Question 1

intermediate mesoderm

Answer 1

UG development

Question 2

lateral plate mesoderm

Answer 2

lining body wall and body cavities such as peritoneal and pleural (limb skeleton)

Question 3

paraxial mesoderm

Answer 3

segmented into somites sclerotome: occipital bone, vertebral column, ribs myotome: muscles (axial skeleton)

Question 4

Notochord–>

Answer 4

Nucleus pulposus

Question 5

limbs extend from

Answer 5

apical ectodermal ridge

Question 6

epiphysis

Answer 6

end of long bone

Question 7

diaphysis

Answer 7

shaft

Question 8

compact bone

Answer 8

osteons

Question 9

spongy bone

Answer 9

trabeculae

Question 10

communicatios btwn one osteon and another

Answer 10

Volkmann’s Canal

Question 11

intramembranous ossification

Answer 11

flat bones–clavicle, mandible, skull, face mesenchymal–>osteoblast–>osteocyte–>spongy bone–>compact bone

Question 12

endochondral ossification

Answer 12

long–limbs, vertebrae, and hips mesenchymal–>cartilage–>osteocyte–>bone need epiphyseal plate

Question 13

Answer 13

incisive fossa

Question 14

SCALP

Answer 14

S= skin with hair (at least in most people!)

C= connective tissue

A= aponeurosis- this is a tough dense connective tissue

L= loose connective tissue

P= pereostium: bone

Question 15

Bones of the neurocranium

Answer 15

1. 1 ethmoid bone
2. 1 frontal bone
3. 1 occipital bone
4. 2 parietal
5. 1 sphenoid
6. 2 temporal

Question 16

Bones of the viscerocranium

Answer 16

1. Inferior nasal concha (2)
2. Lacrimal bones (2)
3. Mandible
4. Maxilla (2)
5. Nasal bones (2)
6. Palatine bones (2)
7. Vomer
8. Zygomatic bones (2)

Question 17

Answer 17

vomer

Question 18

Answer 18

mandibular foramen

Question 19

Answer 19

horizonatal plate of palatine

Question 20

Answer 20

pterion: weakest part of skull

Question 21

sutral/intra-sutral bone

Answer 21

Wormian bone

Question 22

Answer 22

Ethmoid

1. crista galli
2. Cribriform plate
3. Perpendicular plate

Question 23

1

Answer 23

1. optic canal

Question 24

4

Answer 24

lesser wing

Question 25

5

Answer 25

greater wing

Question 26

9

Answer 26

foramen spinosum

Question 27

10

Answer 27

forman ovale

Question 28

11

Answer 28

foramen rotundum

Question 29

12

Answer 29

superior orbital fissure

Question 30

processes of the maxiallary bone

Answer 30

1. Alveolar 2. Frontal 3. Palatine 4. Zygomatic

Question 31

Answer 31

clivus

Question 32

A

Answer 32

spinous process

Question 33

C

Answer 33

Lamina

Question 34

D

Answer 34

Pedicle

Question 35

E

Answer 35

Body

Question 36

F

Answer 36

Superior articular facet

Question 37

G

Answer 37

transverse process

Question 38

H

Answer 38

Vertebral foramen

Question 39

Answer 39

lateral mass of atlas recieve the condyles of the occipital bone fo the skull

Question 40

* Spinous processes are long and point inferiorly * Vertebral foramen are circular * Articulate with tubercles of ribs * Superior articular facets point posteriorly * Inferior articular processes point anteriorly

Answer 40

Thoracic vertebrae

Question 41

Answer 41

zygapophyseal joints synovial plane joints

Question 42

Answer 42

nucleus pulposus

Question 43

Answer 43

Anulus Fibrosus

Question 44

Answer 44

interspinous ligaments

Question 45

Answer 45

supraspinous ligament

Question 46

Answer 46

anterior longitudnal ligament

Question 47

Answer 47

posterior longitudbal ligament inside vertebral canal highest part is tectoral membrane

Question 48

Answer 48

ligamentum flavum connects one lamina to the next

Question 49

connects first throacic vertebra to the external occipiutal protuberabce

Answer 49

nuchal ligament (ligamentum nuchae)

Question 50

Answer 50

transverse ligament (cruciform ligament)

Question 51

Answer 51

alar ligaments attached from the odontoid to the occipital condyles deep to the cruciform 'check ligaments'

Question 52

The laminae of either L5 or S2 fail to develop normally and fuse decreased by folic acid

Answer 52

spina bifida

Question 53

spina bifida occulta

Answer 53

mildest form

Question 54

spina bifida cystica

Answer 54

one of more vertenral arches completely fail to develop and meninges be herniated