bone growth and healing

Question 1

how does a bone grow and heal?

Answer 1

osteoblast and osteocyte formation, they are in charge of lamellar production which results in thickness of the bone

Question 2

what are the characteristics of membrana osteogenesis

Answer 2

is Direct
Appositional growth in thickness
has Mesenchymal fibrous tissue (osteoblasts)

Question 3

what are the characteristics of Endochondral osteogenesis

Answer 3

is Indirect
Longitudinal growth
Hyaline cartilage calcifies - this is how it grows by calcifying the hyaline cartilage

Question 4

describe the first process of bone growth/healing in the epiphyseal plate

Answer 4

it has several zones, while the bone still grows there is proliferation of new chondrocytes that stack in the proliferation zone

Question 5

describe the second process of bone growth/healing in the epiphyseal plate

Answer 5

the chondrocytes mature which happens in the hypertrophy zone (the cells basically get bigger)

Question 6

describe the 3rd process of bone growth/healing in the epiphyseal plate

Answer 6

the cells decalcify, so they get harder and then the calcified cartilage ossifies becoming bone tissue - ossification zone

Question 7

why is optimal loading important?

Answer 7

its important because the bone needs to know what it can and cant withstand

Question 8

what is first in the bone healing stages and how long does it last?

Answer 8

inflammation - lasts up to 7 days after injury

Question 9

what is second in the bone healing stages and how long does it last?

Answer 9

proliferation - takes all the material that was brought in the inflammation stage and lasts 2/3 weeks

Question 10

what is 3rd in the bone healing stages and how long does it last?

Answer 10

remodeling stage, it rearranges tissue according to the load the tissue is put under, 17 weeks.

Question 11

describe the vascularization of bones

Answer 11

very well vascularised
the main vascularization comes through the periosteum and inner endosteal layer. the capillaries through the Volkman canals distribute horizontally and through the haversian canals vertically.

Question 12

describe endochondral osteogenesis

Answer 12

new chondrocytes are formed and laid down in the proliferation zone. in the hypotrophy zone they grow and mature . chondrocytes calcify and become full bone tissue in the ossification zone

Question 13

endochondral osteogenesis simple terms

Answer 13

is also referred to as indirect growth and is responsible longitudinal growth