bone neoplasms Flashcards
name 7 benign bone neoplasms
osteochondroma, enchondroma, osetoid oesteoma, simple bone cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst, giant cell tumour, fibrous dysplasia
what is an enchondroma
intramedullary cartilaginous tumour (usually metaphyseal)
what are the characteristics of a enchondroma
lucent, mineralisation with patchy appearance on X ray
what are the symptoms of enchondroma and where do they commonly present
usually incidental, can cause pathological fractures, femur, humerus, tibia and small bones of hands and feet
how do you treat enchondroma
curettage and bone graft
what is an osetoid osteoma
small area of immature bone surrounded by slcerotic halo
how does osetoid osteoma present (age, symptoms, bones)
adolescence, intense constant pain, worse at night, better with NSAIDs
how do you investigate and treat osetoid osteoma
X ray or bone scan or CT, radio ablation
what is a simple bone cyst and how does it occur
single cavity of benign fluid in bone - can be growth defects
how does simple bone cyst present (age, symptoms, bones)
children and young adults, accidental X ray finding, humerus and femur (metaphyseal), weakness ad fracture
how do you treat simple bone cyst
curettage and bone graft
what is an aneurysmal bone cysts, what are the symptoms, how do you investigate and treat
cyst filled with bone and serum, locally aggressive and painful, pathological bone fractures,
how do you investigate and treat aneurysmal bone cyst
X ray, curettage and bone graft
where do giant cell tumours usually present
KNEE, radius, pelvis spine (occasional met –> lungs)
describe how Giant cell tumours present
locally aggressive, painful, fractures
how do you investigate and treat giant cell tumours
X ray –> soap bubble appearance, excision and maybe joint replacement
what is fibrous dysplasia
genetic mutation –> fibrous tissue and immature bone, mineralisation makes bone wider.
how does fibrous dysplasia present
sheperds crook deformity on X ray, stress fractures
how do you treat fibrous dysplasia
bisphosphonates, bone graft (excision alone –> reoccurrence)
what is an osteochondroma
most common benign bone tumour, bony outgrowth on cartilaginous cap on epiphysis of long bones esp knee
how does osteochondroma present and how would you treat
local pain, resection/ excision
name 4 malignant bone tumours
osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, ewing’s sarcoma
who normally gets osteosarcoma, and how does it spread
children spreads through blood (pulm mets common)
where does osteosarcoma present (bones) and what are the symptoms
knee, femur, humerus, pelvis, constant pain worse at night, weight/ appetite loss, fatigue
