Bone shapes Flashcards
What are the characteristics of the Zone of Calcified Cartilage?
- consists of dead cells located in a calcified matrix
- This calcified matrix is destroyed by osteoclasts and is then invaded by osteoblasts and capillaries from the diaphysis.
What are the parts of a long bone?
The Diaphysis, epiphysis, periosteum, articular cartilage, compact bone, spongy bone, endosteum, medullary cavity, and yellow and red bone marrow
What are the characteristics of the zone of hypertrophic cartilage?
- Extremely large chondrocytes that are arranged in columns.
- The growth of these cells also leads to an increase in the length of the bone.
- Osteoblasts begin laying down bone salts causing the chondrocytes to die.
The appendicular skeleton consits of which bones?
includes the limbs of the upper and lower extremities,
and the bones that attach those limbs to
the trunk (pectoral and pelvic girdles)
What are the components of an osteon?
Osteocytes, concentric lamella, and central canals
The medial malleolus of the tibia articulates with the?
talus
What are the microscopic parts of bone?
Spongy bone, compact bone, osteon, osteocyte, canaliculi, central canal, perforating canal, lacuna, lamella, trabeculae, sharpy’s fibers, periosteum
What are the origins of endochondral ossification
and intramembranous ossification?
Endochondral ossification: Fromed from a hyaline cartilage model
Intramembranous ossification: Fromed within a fibrous connective tissue membrane
What are the characteristics of the proliferating cartilage?
- Chondrocytes divide (mitosis) increasing the number of cells
- As the number of cells increase, the plate becomes thicker.
The metatarsals consists of how many bones?
5
How does parathyroid horomone increase the blood calcium concentration?
- Stimulates osteoclast activity.
- Stimulates kidney tubules to reabsorb Ca++
- Stimulates intestinal mucosa to reabsorb Ca++.
What are Osteoclasts?
Bone cells that secrete lysosomal enzymes that digest inorganic bone matrix.
Where do each of the two ossification centers for endochondral ossification take place?
Primary ossification center: The diaphysis.
Secondary Ossification centers: The epiphyses.
Where is parathyroid hormone found and why is it released?
Found: The parathyroid
Released: In response to decreased blood calcium concentrations.
Where is calcitonin found and why is it released?
Found: Thyroid gland
Released: in response to increased blood calcium concentrations
The medial and lateral condyles of the femur articulate with the?
Medial and lateral condyles of the tibia
What are Perforating canals?
They are canals that connect adjacent central canals
What are the 4 zones of the epiphyseal plate?
- Zone of resting cartilage
- Zone of proliferating cartilage
- Zone of Hypertrophic cartilage
- Zone of calcified cartilage
How many tarsal bones are in the foot?
7
How many bones are in the carpals?
8
What happens during each of the two ossification centers for endochondral ossification?
Primary ossification center:
- Bone replaces hyaline cartilage
Secondary ossification center:
- Eventually bone replaces hyaline cartilage.
What is the endosteum?
Vascular membrane that lines the inside of bones
The Medial end of the clavicle articulates with the?
manubrium of the sternum
The Head of the humerus articulates with the?
glenoid cavity of the scapula
