Bone TUMAHS Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is the most common cause of bone tumors?
METASTASIS! common from prostate, lung, kidney, breast, thyroid
Note - rarely mets distal to knee, hardly ever to small bones of hands/feet
What are 4 bone-forming tumors?
1) Osteoma
2) osteoid osetoma
3) osteoblastoma
4) osterosarcoma
Location/disease associated with osteomas
typically on skull and facial bones!
Multiple osteomas associated with Gardner’s Syndrome (therefore also increased risk of colon cancer)
Osteoid osteoma vs osteoblastoma
Same thing… except:
Osteoid osteoma 2cm: is NOT releived by aspirin
Both are benign tumor of osteoblasts. 75% are in those under 25 yrs old and typically near near (distal femur, prox tibia)
Radiology: thick radiolucent center with reactive “rim” encircling it
Osteosarcoma: pathology, genetics, x-ray
MALIGNANT proliferation of osteoblasts
- 75% in those < 20yrs old.
- Associated with elderly, Paget’s Disease, radiation, bone infarcts
- 60% also occur near knee
Broad sheets of eosinophilic matrix and causes “codman’s triangle” = it pushes against periosteum causing it to bump out
Associated with: retinoblastoma (RB gene) and p53 gene (Li Fraumeni)
6 Cartilage-forming tumors
1) Osteochondroma
2) Chondroma
3) Enchondroma
4) Chondroblastoma
5) Chondromyxoid fibroma
6) Chondrosarcoma
Osteochondroma
very unique x-ray… tumor w/ overlying cartilage cap that grows out of metaphysis to look like a mini 2nd bone which is continuous with bone marrow (the one where he drew a dick)
Most common benign tumor of bone
Multiple osteochondromas = associated with inactivation of EXT gene of growth plate of chondrocytes
Chondroma vs enchondroma
Benign tumor of hyaline cartilage
If in medullary cavity = “enchondroma”
if on bony surface = “juxtacortical chondroma”
Enchondromas typically found in hands and feet.. they also produce an “O-ring sign” on imaging
Chondroblastoma
“chicken wire” pattern of mineralization
Sheets of round chondrocytes w/ “grooved nuclei”
Chondromyxoid fibroma
well circumscribed, tan/grayish, nodules of poorly formed hyaline cartilage
Chondrosarcoma
Neoplastic cartilage is produced
Bi-nucleated chondrocytes
Large, bulky tumors composed of hyaline and myxoid cartilage
“mesenchymal chondrosarcoma” = islands of well-differentiated hyaline cartilage surrounded by sheets of small round blue cells to mimic Ewings sarcoma (common in facial bones”
Fibroma (fibrous cortical defect and non-ossifying fibromas)
VERY COMMON! (30-50% of children less than 2) but most spontaneously resolve
majority in metaphysis of distal femur and proximal tibia
non-ossifying fibroma (NOFs) can be pathological = fibroblasts in a pinwheel like pattern w/ “foamy” macrophages
Fibrous dysplasia
looks like “ground glass” on imaging w/ shepards cook deformity (bowing in femur)
a disease that replaces normal bone with fibrous bone tissue
- lesion composed of bone & fibrous elements
polyostatic fibrous dysplasia w/ endocrinopathies and cafe au lait pigmentation = McCune-Albright Syndrome
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma
non much known other than it is the most common type of soft tissue tumor
Ewing’s Sarcoma
Malignant proliferation of poorly differentiated cells derived from NEUROECTODERM
Contains cells that look like lymphocytes, but can tell them apart because of their 11;22 translocation
- new bone formation via periosteum causes and onion-skin pattern… occurs in diaiphysis of long bones
“11;22 neuroectoderm onions are “EW!””
Giant Cell Tumors
ONLY ONE that occurs in the EPIPHYSIS!
contains multinucleated giant cells
“reactive bone growth that looks like soap bubbles”
“G” = gay orgy… many giant soapy tips aka “multinucleated giant cells, soap bubbles on x-ray, and epiphysis”
