Key Definitions & Rando Diseases from front of coursepack

Question 1

Osteoarthritis

Answer 1

progressive & IRREVERSIBLE condition that involves loss of articular cartilage (wear and tear) that leads to pain and boney transformation in response (bone spurs)

Question 2

Sprain

Answer 2

involves supporting structures of a JOINT and is thus stretching or tearing of a LIGAMENT or JOINT CAPSULE

aka you cannot “sprain” your back

Question 3

Strain

Answer 3

involves muscle tendon unit… stretching or partial tear of a muscle.

A complete tear of a muscle or tendon = rupture

aka you CAN “strain” your back

Question 4

Tendonopathy

Answer 4

a general term for damage to a tendon

• tendonitis = inflammation
• tendonosis=degeneration… both of which require a muscle biopsy to confirm

Question 5

Avascular necrosis

Answer 5

loss of blood supply to the bone and resulting death of osteocytes/bone collapse.

Could be related to injury or medication (chronic steroid use!)

Could be result of blood clots, inflammation, or damage to blood vessels such as sickle cell disease, autoimmune disease, and decompression sickness

Question 6

Stress Fracture

Answer 6

tiny cracks in bone due to repetitive force to that bone (overuse such as repeatedly jumpin up and down or running long distances which is also gay)

OR they can occur from normal use of bone that has been weakened by a condition such as osteoporosis, when bone fatigue/breakdown exceeds repair

Question 7

closed fracture

Answer 7

break in bone w/ overlying skin remaining intact

Question 8

open fracture or compound fracture

Answer 8

break in bone that also breaks through skin… thus greatly increasing risk of secondary infection

Question 9

avulsion fracture

Answer 9

fracture of bone where a piece is “pulled off” by a tendon or ligament attachment

Question 10

apophysitis (a “growth plate” that adds to bone shape, not length, usually located near joint and common location for tendon attachments… so as bones grow quickly, like in puberty, the muscl may not grow as fast and pulls more causing a reactive bone growth)

Answer 10

overuse injury unique to skeletally immature!!!.

Occurs at secondary ossification center (apophysis), that serves as the attachment site for a muscle-tendon unit

Overuse causes inflammation, irritation, microtears resulting at the apophysis which then results in calcification and a “bump” at the site!

Examples = osgood-schlatter, sever’s disease, sinding-larsen-johansson disease

Question 11

Sever’s Disease

Answer 11

MOST COMMON overuse injury in pediatric and adolescent populations.

effects those between 8-12 most commonly in boys, and 60% occur bilaterally

It is calcaneal traction apophysitis… the foot/calcaneous is one of the first bones to grow to mature size, faster than the gastroc so the achilles pulls hard on the calcaneal apophysis causing a “tight achilles” with decreased flexibility

Question 12

Osgood-Schlatter

Answer 12

pulling of the quad tendon on the tibial tuberosity… as the bone grows faster than the muscle, it will pull on the apophysis here causing a calcification resulting in a “bigger bump” on your tibial tuberosity