Bones 2

Question 1

What are the two most common benign tumors?

Answer 1

Osteochondroma

Fibrous cortical defect

Question 2

What two tumors are located in the epiphysis?

Answer 2

Clear cell chondrosarcoma

Chondroblastoma

Question 3

What two tumors are located in the diaphysis?

Answer 3

Eqing sarcoma

Fibrous dysplasia

Question 4

What two tumors are located in the epiphysis/metaphysis?

Answer 4

Giant cell tumor

Aneurysmal bone cyst

Question 5

What is an osteoma?

Answer 5

Subperiosteal or endosteal cortex surface tumor

Common in sinuses, skull and face

Question 6

What is Gardner syndrome?

Answer 6

Multiple osteomas

GI symtoms

Question 7

What is the most common nonhematopoeitc malignant primary bone tumor?

Answer 7

Osteosarcoma

Question 8

What is an osteosarcoma?

Answer 8

By definition, makes osteoid

Bimodal age distribution

Painful enlarging mass

10-20% have metastasis at presentation

Question 9

What does an osteosarcoma look like on an xray?

Answer 9

Destructive with mixed lytic and blastic

Codman triangle - tumor lifts periosteum

Question 10

Where are osteosarcomas located?

Answer 10

Metaphysis

Question 11

What is an osteochondroma (exostosis)?

Answer 11

Mushroom-shaped cartilage-capped enchondral ossification

Question 12

Where does an osteochondroma occur?

Answer 12

Metaphysis - kneer growth plate; especially the knee

Question 13

What is the cause of multiple hereditary exostosis?

Answer 13

Autosomal dominant

EXT1 or EXT2 gene

Question 14

What is a chondroma?

Answer 14

Benign hyaline cartilage tumor

Age 20-50

Question 15

What is the most common bone tumor in the hands and feet?

Answer 15

Chondroma

Question 16

What is an enchondroma?

Answer 16

Less than 3cm

Nodules of hyaline cartilage with peripheral enchondral ossification

Question 17

What are endhoncromatosis j(Ollier disease) and maffucci syndrome?

Answer 17

Syndromes associated with increased risk for sarcoma transformation from enchondromas

Question 18

What is the most common bone tumor of the phalynx?

Answer 18

Enchondroma

Question 19

What is a chondroblastoma?

Answer 19

Most common in knee epiphysis

Painful

Rare lung metastasis

Question 20

Where does a chondrosarcoma occur?

Answer 20

Central skeleton

Question 21

Where does a conventional chondrosarcoma metastasize?

Answer 21

Lungs and bone

Question 22

Who gets clear cell chondrosarcomas and where do they occur?

Answer 22

Teens/young adults

Epiphysis

Question 23

What is the most common primary bone tumor in children?

Answer 23

Fibrous cortical defect

Question 24

What are the three patterns of fibrous dysplasia?

Answer 24

Monostotic

Polyostotic with soft tissue myxomas

Polyostotic with endocrine dysfunction (McCune-Albright syndrome

Question 25

How does a fibrous dysplasia appear on an xray?

Answer 25

Ground glass and well-demarcated border

Question 26

What is McCune-Albright Syndrome?

Answer 26

Cafe au lait skin pigmentations Endocrine - sexual precocity Hyperactive G-protein of GNAS gene

Question 27

What is ewing sarcoma?

Answer 27

Small round (blue) celll tumor of bone and soft tissue, glycogen, homer-wright rosettes Gene translocation: t (11;22)

Question 28

What is the location of ewing sarccoma?

Answer 28

Diaphysis and flat bones of pelvis Medullary cavity but invades the cortex into soft tissue to create a mass

Question 29

What is the characteristic xray of ewing sarcoma?

Answer 29

Lytic destruction with onion skin periosteal reaction and sunburst pattern

Question 30

What is a giant cell tumor of the bone?

Answer 30

Benign locally aggressive tumor of macrophage/monocyte system Located in the epiphyses by may extend into metaphysis Most common in knee

Question 31

What is an aneurysmal bone cyst?

Answer 31

Multiloculated blood-filled cysts Rapid grwoth Metaphysis of long bones and vertebrae PAin and swelling

Question 32

What is the most common form of skeletal malignancy?

Answer 32

Metastatic disease

Question 33

How does metastatic disease spread?

Answer 33

Direct extension Lymphatic or hematogenous Intraspinal seeding (Batson plexus)

Question 34

Where does metatstatic disease originate?

Answer 34

Prostate Breast Kidney Lung Thyroid BLT and a Kosher Pickle